Diazinon (ISO) Chemische Eigenschaften,Einsatz,Produktion Methoden
ERSCHEINUNGSBILD
öLIGE FARBLOSE FLüSSIGKEIT MIT CHARAKTERISTISCHEM GERUCH. TECHNISCHES PRODUKT: HELLGELB BIS DUNKELBRAUN.
CHEMISCHE GEFAHREN
Zersetzung beim Erhitzen über 120°C unter Bildung giftiger Rauche mit Stickstoffoxiden, Phosphoroxiden und Schwefeloxiden. Reagiert mit starken Säuren und Basen. Bildung hochgiftiger Tetraethylthiopyrophosphate möglich. Reagiert mit starken Oxidationsmitteln.
ARBEITSPLATZGRENZWERTE
TLV: (Einatembarer Dampf und Aerosol) 0.01 mg/m? (als TWA); Hautresorption; Krebskategorie A4 (nicht klassifizierbar als krebserzeugend für den Menschen); BEI vorhanden; (ACGIH 2005).
MAK: 0.1 mg/m?(Einatembare Fraktion); Hautresorption; Spitzenbegrenzung: überschreitungsfaktor II(2); Schwangerschaft: Gruppe C; (DFG 2005).
AUFNAHMEWEGE
Aufnahme in den Körper durch Inhalation des Aerosols, über die Haut und durch Verschlucken.
INHALATIONSGEFAHREN
Beim Verdampfen bei 20°C tritt eine gesundheitsschädliche Kontamination der Luft nicht oder nur sehr langsam ein , viel schneller jedoch beim Versprühen oder Dispergieren.
WIRKUNGEN BEI KURZZEITEXPOSITION
WIRKUNGEN BEI KURZZEITEXPOSITION: Die Substanz reizt leicht die Augen und die Haut. Möglich sind Auswirkungen auf das Nervensystem mit nachfolgenden Krämpfen und Atemdepression. Cholinesterasehemmer. Die Auswirkungen treten u.U. verzögert ein. ärztliche Beobachtung notwendig.
WIRKUNGEN NACH WIEDERHOLTER ODER LANGZEITEXPOSITION
Cholinesterasehemmer. Kumulative Wirkung möglich (s. AKUTE GEFAHREN/SYMPTOME).
LECKAGE
Persönliche Schutzausrüstung: Chemikalienschutzanzug mit umgebungsluftunabhängigem Atemschutzgerät. Ausgelaufene Flüssigkeit in abdichtbaren Behältern sammeln. Reste mit trockenem Sand oder inertem Absorptionsmittel aufnehmen und an einen sicheren Ort bringen. NICHT in die Umwelt gelangen lassen.
R-Sätze Betriebsanweisung:
R22:Gesundheitsschädlich beim Verschlucken.
R50/53:Sehr giftig für Wasserorganismen, kann in Gewässern längerfristig schädliche Wirkungen haben.
R36:Reizt die Augen.
R20/21/22:Gesundheitsschädlich beim Einatmen,Verschlucken und Berührung mit der Haut.
R11:Leichtentzündlich.
S-Sätze Betriebsanweisung:
S24/25:Berührung mit den Augen und der Haut vermeiden.
S60:Dieses Produkt und sein Behälter sind als gefährlicher Abfall zu entsorgen.
S61:Freisetzung in die Umwelt vermeiden. Besondere Anweisungen einholen/Sicherheitsdatenblatt zu Rate ziehen.
S36:DE: Bei der Arbeit geeignete Schutzkleidung tragen.
S26:Bei Berührung mit den Augen sofort gründlich mit Wasser abspülen und Arzt konsultieren.
S16:Von Zündquellen fernhalten - Nicht rauchen.
Beschreibung
Diazinon is a non-systemic organophosphate insecticide formerly used to control cockroaches, silverfish, ants, and fleas in residential, non-food buildings. Diazinon functions as the inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), which breaks down the neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh) into [choline] and an acetate group. The inhibition of the AChE causes an abnormal accumulation of ACh in the synaptic cleft. However, recent studies have shown that diazinon and other kinds of organophosphate can cause neural toxicity through causing oxidative stress in the neural cells.
Chemische Eigenschaften
Diazinon is available as a colorless or dark brown liquid. It is sparingly soluble in water
but very soluble in petroleum ether, alcohol, and benzene. Diazinon is used for the control
of a variety of agricultural and household pests. These include pests in soil, on ornamental
plants, fruit, vegetable, crops pests, and household pests like fl ies, fl eas, and cockroaches.
Diazinon undergoes decomposition on heating above 120°C and produces toxic fumes, such
as nitrogen oxides, phosphorous oxides, and sulfur oxides. It reacts with strong acids and
alkalis with the possible formation of highly toxic tetra ethyl thiopyrophosphates. Diazinon
is classifi ed as an RUP. Depending on the type of formulation, diazinon is classifi ed as
toxicity class II, meaning moderately toxic, or toxicity class III, meaning slightly toxic.
Verwenden
Diazinon is used to control a wide range of sucking and chewing
insects and mites in a very wide range of crops and is also used as a
veterinary ectoparasiticide.
Definition
ChEBI: A member of the class of pyrimidines that is pyrimidine carrying an isopropyl group at position 2, a methyl group at position 6 and a (diethoxyphosphorothioyl)oxy group at position 4.
Allgemeine Beschreibung
Diazinon is available in the form of a colourless or dark brown liquid. It is sparingly soluble in water but very soluble in petroleum ether, alcohol, and benzene. Diazinon is used for the control of a variety of agriculture and household pests. These include pests in soil, on ornamental plants, fruit, vegetable, and crops and household pests like flies, fleas, and cockroaches. Diazinon undergoes decomposition on heating above 120°C and produces toxic fumes such as nitrogen oxides, phosphorus oxides, and sulphur oxides. It reacts with strong acids and alkalis with possible formation of highly toxic tetra ethyl thiopyrophosphates. Diazinon is classified as a RUP. Depending on the type of formulation, diazinon is classified as toxicity class II, meaning moderately toxic, or toxicity class III, meaning slightly toxic.
Air & Water Reaktionen
The neat compound is susceptible to oxidation and should be protected from prolonged exposure to air . Insoluble in water.
Health Hazard
Humans are exposed to diazinon during manufacture and professional applications. Diazinon
causes poisoning with symptoms such as headache, dizziness, nausea, weakness, feelings of
anxiety, vomiting, pupillary constriction, convulsions, respiratory distress or labored breathing,
unconsciousness, muscle cramp, excessive salivation, respiratory failure, and coma.
Brandgefahr
Not flammable. POISONOUS GASES ARE PRODUCED WHEN HEATED. Oxides of sulfur and of phosphorus are generated in fires.
Handelsname
AG-500®; AI3-19507®; ALFA-TOX®[C];
ANTIGAL®; ANTLAK®; BASUDIN®; BAZUDEN®;
CASWELL No. 342®; DACUTOX®; DASSITOX®;
DAZZEL®; DIAGRAN®; DIANON®; DIATERR-FOS®;
DIAZAJET®; DIAZATOL®; DIAZIDE®; DIAZINON AG
500 WBC®; DIAZINONE®; DIAZITOL®; DIAZOL®;
DICID®; DIMPYLATE®; DIPOFENE®; DIZIKTOL®;
DIZINON®[C]; DRAWIZON®; DYMET®; DYZOL®);
D.Z.N.®; EXODIN®; FEZUDIN®; FLYTROL®; G 301®;
G-24480®; GALESAN®; GARDENTOX®; GEIGY
24480®; KAYAZINON®; KAYAZOL®; NEOCIDOL®
(OIL); NEOCIDOL®; NIPSAN®; NUCIDOL®;
OLEODIAZINON®; ROOT GUARD; SAROLEX®[C];
SPECTRACIDE®; SROLEX®; SUZON®
Sicherheitsprofil
Poison by ingestion,
skin contact, subcutaneous, intravenous, and intraperitoneal routes. Mildly toxic by
inhalation. Human systemic effects by
ingestion: changes in motor activity, muscle
weakness, and sweating. Experimental
teratogenic and reproductive effects. A skin
and severe eye irritant. Human mutation
data reported. When heated to
decomposition it emits very toxic fumes of
NOx, POx, and SOx.
mögliche Exposition
roducers, formulators and applicators
of this nonsystemic pesticide and acaricide. Diazinon is
used in the United States on a wide variety of agricultural
crops, ornamentals, domestic animals; lawns and gardens;
and household pests.
Carcinogenicity
Among 23,106 male applicators
participating in the Agricultural Health Study who
reported using diazinon, there was an increased risk with
exposure to diazinon for lung cancer, leukemia, and all
cancer sites combined, although the small number of cases
observed makes these estimates unreliable .
Stoffwechselwegen
The main route of diazinon metabolism in soil, plants and animals is
through cleavage of the P-O-pyrimidine group to yield 2-isopropyl-4-
methyl-6-hydroxypyrimidine. As with most other phosphorothioates,
loss of the pyrimidinyl function in mammalian metabolism probably
occurs either through oxidative desulfuration of the thiono group, catalysed
by microsomal mixed function oxidases, to give diazoxon followed
by hydrolysis catalysed by an A-esterase, or via an oxidative mechanism
catalysed by a mixed function oxidase acting directly on diazinon. In the
first case the second product is diethyl phosphate and in the second,
diethyl phosphorothioate (Yang et al., 1971). Further metabolism then
leads to hydroxylation of the methyl and isopropyl groups on the pyrimidine
ring. This oxidative metabolism may the act on the pyrimidinol,
diazoxon or diazinon itself, the last of which seems to be important in
mammalian and avian liver and gives rise to metabolites which still have
anticholinesterase or latent anticholinesterase activity.
Stoffwechsel
The main biodegradation pathway in mammals, plants,
and soils is pyrimidinyl ester bond cleavage; the principal
metabolites are diethyl phosphorothioate and diethyl
phosphate. Degradation in the environment involves
oxidation to diazoxon and hydrolysis.
Versand/Shipping
UN2783 Organophosphorus pesticides, solid,
toxic, Hazard Class: 6.1; Labels: 6.1-Poisonous materials.
Inkompatibilitäten
Reaction with nitrosating agents (e.g.,
nitrites, nitrous gases, nitrous acid) capable of releasing carci-
nogenic nitrosamines. Hydrolyzes slowly in water and dilute
acid. Reacts with strong acids and alkalis with possible forma-
tion of highly toxic tetraethyl thiopyrophosphates.
Incompatible with copper-containing compounds. Contact
with oxidizers may cause the release of phosphorous oxides.
Contact with strong reducing agents, such as hydrides; may
cause the formation of flammable and toxic phosphine gas.
Waste disposal
Diazinon is hydrolyzed in
acid media about 12 times as rapidly as parathion, and
at about the same rate as parathion in alkaline media. In
excess water this compound yields diethylthiophosphoric
acid and 2-isopropyl-4-methyl-6-hydroxypyrimidine. With
insufficient water, highly toxic tetraethyl monothiopyropho-
sphate is formed. Therefore, incineration would be a prefer-
able ultimate disposal method with caustic scrubbing of
the incinerator effluent
. In accordance with 40CFR165,
follow recommendations for the disposal of pesticides and
pesticide containers. Must be disposed properly by follow-
ing package label directions or by contacting your local or
federal environmental control agency, or by contacting
your regional EPA office.
Vorsichtsmaßnahmen
Workers should avoid eye contact with diazinon, wear chemical safety glasses or goggles,
protective clothing or equipment, wear waterproof boots, long-sleeved shirts, long pants,
and a hat. Workers should avoid contamination of food and feed, wash thoroughly after
handling and before eating or smoking. In fact, occupational workers should avoid eating,
drinking, or smoking in areas of work with the chemical.
Einzelnachweise
Uner, N, et al. "Effects of diazinon on acetylcholinesterase activity and lipid peroxidation in the brain of Oreochromis niloticus." Environmental Toxicology & Pharmacology 21.3(2006):241.
Shishido, Takashi, K. Usui, and J. I. Fukami. "Oxidative metabolism of diazinon by microsomes from rat liver and cockroach fat body." Pesticide Biochemistry & Physiology 2.1(1972):27-38.
Giordano, G, et al. "Organophosphorus insecticides chlorpyrifos and diazinon and oxidative stress in neuronal cells in a genetic model of glutathione deficiency." Toxicology & Applied Pharmacology 219.2-3(2007):181.
Diazinon (ISO) Upstream-Materialien And Downstream Produkte
Upstream-Materialien
Downstream Produkte
