Terbium

TERBIUM Struktur
7440-27-9
CAS-Nr.
7440-27-9
Bezeichnung:
Terbium
Englisch Name:
TERBIUM
Synonyma:
TERBIUM;TB007910;TB000210;TB006010;TB000200;TB005110;Terbium-159;mm × 1 Terbium Foil;terbium atom
CBNumber:
CB8138752
Summenformel:
Tb
Molgewicht:
158.93
MOL-Datei:
7440-27-9.mol

Terbium Eigenschaften

Schmelzpunkt:
1356 °C (lit.)
Siedepunkt:
3230 °C (lit.)
Dichte
8.234 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
Aggregatzustand
powder
Farbe
Silver-gray
Wichte
8.234
Widerstand (resistivity)
116 μΩ-cm, 20°C
Wasserlöslichkeit
Insoluble in water.
Sensitive 
Air & Moisture Sensitive
Merck 
13,9232
Expositionsgrenzwerte
ACGIH: TWA 2 ppm; STEL 4 ppm
OSHA: TWA 2 ppm(5 mg/m3)
NIOSH: IDLH 25 ppm; TWA 2 ppm(5 mg/m3); STEL 4 ppm(10 mg/m3)
Stabilität:
Stable, but moisture sensitive. Reacts with halogens, strong acids. The powder is highly flammable.
CAS Datenbank
7440-27-9(CAS DataBase Reference)
EPA chemische Informationen
Terbium (7440-27-9)
Sicherheit
  • Risiko- und Sicherheitserklärung
  • Gefahreninformationscode (GHS)
Kennzeichnung gefährlicher F,T
R-Sätze: 11-34-23/24/25
S-Sätze: 22-24/25-36/37/39-33-16-45-28-27-26
RIDADR  UN 3089 4.1/PG 2
WGK Germany  3
TSCA  Yes
HazardClass  8
PackingGroup  III
HS Code  28053013
Bildanzeige (GHS) GHS hazard pictogramsGHS hazard pictograms
Alarmwort Achtung
Gefahrenhinweise
Code Gefahrenhinweise Gefahrenklasse Abteilung Alarmwort Symbol P-Code
H228 Entzündbarer Feststoff. Entzündbare Feststoffe Kategorie 1 Achtung
Warnung
P210, P240,P241, P280, P370+P378
H251 Selbsterhitzungsfähig; kann in Brand geraten. Self-heating substances and mixtures Category 1 Achtung
H315 Verursacht Hautreizungen. Hautreizung Kategorie 2 Warnung P264, P280, P302+P352, P321,P332+P313, P362
H319 Verursacht schwere Augenreizung. Schwere Augenreizung Kategorie 2 Warnung P264, P280, P305+P351+P338,P337+P313P
H413 Kann für Wasserorganismen schädlich sein, mit langfristiger Wirkung. Langfristig (chronisch) gewässergefährdend Kategorie 4
Sicherheit
P210 Von Hitze, heißen Oberflächen, Funken, offenen Flammen und anderen Zündquellenarten fernhalten. Nicht rauchen.
P235 Kühl halten
P240 Behälter und zu befüllende Anlage erden.
P273 Freisetzung in die Umwelt vermeiden.
P302+P352 BEI BERÜHRUNG MIT DER HAUT: Mit viel Wasser/... (Hersteller kann, falls zweckmäßig, ein Reinigungsmittel angeben oder, wenn Wasser eindeutig ungeeignet ist, ein alternatives Mittel empfehlen) waschen.
P305+P351+P338 BEI KONTAKT MIT DEN AUGEN: Einige Minuten lang behutsam mit Wasser spülen. Eventuell vorhandene Kontaktlinsen nach Möglichkeit entfernen. Weiter spülen.

Terbium Chemische Eigenschaften,Einsatz,Produktion Methoden

R-Sätze Betriebsanweisung:

R11:Leichtentzündlich.
R34:Verursacht Verätzungen.
R23/24/25:Giftig beim Einatmen, Verschlucken und Berührung mit der Haut.

S-Sätze Betriebsanweisung:

S22:Staub nicht einatmen.
S24/25:Berührung mit den Augen und der Haut vermeiden.
S36/37/39:Bei der Arbeit geeignete Schutzkleidung,Schutzhandschuhe und Schutzbrille/Gesichtsschutz tragen.
S33:Maßnahmen gegen elektrostatische Aufladungen treffen.
S16:Von Zündquellen fernhalten - Nicht rauchen.
S45:Bei Unfall oder Unwohlsein sofort Arzt zuziehen (wenn möglich, dieses Etikett vorzeigen).
S28:Bei Berührung mit der Haut sofort abwaschen mit viel . . . (vom Hersteller anzugeben).
S27:Beschmutzte, getränkte Kleidung sofort ausziehen.
S26:Bei Berührung mit den Augen sofort gründlich mit Wasser abspülen und Arzt konsultieren.

Chemische Eigenschaften

silvery-white chip or ingot, or grey powder

Physikalische Eigenschaften

There are two allotropic (crystal forms) of terbium, both of which are dependent on itstemperature. The alpha ((α) form exists at room temperatures and up to temperatures of1,298°C, and the beta (β) form exists beyond these temperatures. Although terbium is a silverymetal that resembles aluminum and feels like lead, it is much heavier than either of thesetwo elements. It is placed in the yttrium subgroup (lanthanide series) of the rare-earths. It isalso resistant to corrosion.
Its melting point is 1,356.9°C, its boiling point is 3,230°C, and its density is 8.23g/cm3.

Isotopes

There are a total of 52 isotopes of terbium, and only one of these is stable (Tb-159). Terbium-59 makes up 100% of the element found in the Earth’s crust.

Origin of Name

Named for a village in Sweden.

Occurrence

Of all the 17 rare-earths in the lanthanide series, terbium is number 14 in abundance.Terbium can be separated from the minerals xenotime (YPO4) and euxenite, a mixture of thefollowing: (Y, Ca, Er, La, Ce, Y, Th)(Nb, Ta, Ti2O6). It is obtained in commercial amountfrom monazite sand by the ion-exchange process. Monazite may contain as much as 50%rare-earth elements, and about 0.03% of this is terbium.

Charakteristisch

Terbium is not found in great quantities on Earth. In fact, minerals where terbium is foundcontain about 0.03% terbium. Not much of the stable isotope is found as a free metal; rathermost of it is mixed with other rare-earths or are in compound forms.

History

Discovered by Mosander in 1843. Terbium is a member of the lanthanide or “rare earth” group of elements. It is found in cerite, gadolinite, and other minerals along with other rare earths. It is recovered commercially from monazite in which it is present to the extent of 0.03%, from xenotime, and from euxenite, a complex oxide containing 1% or more of terbia. Terbium has been isolated only in recent years with the development of ion-exchange techniques for separating the rareearth elements. As with other rare earths, it can be produced by reducing the anhydrous chloride or fluoride with calcium metal in a tantalum crucible. Calcium and tantalum impurities can be removed by vacuum remelting. Other methods of isolation are possible. Terbium is reasonably stable in air. It is a silver-gray metal, and is malleable, ductile, and soft enough to be cut with a knife. Two crystal modifications exist, with a transformation temperature of 1289°C. Forty-two isotopes and isomers are recognized. The oxide is a chocolate or dark maroon color. Sodium terbium borate is used as a laser material and emits coherent light at 0.546 μm. Terbium is used to dope calcium fluoride, calcium tungstate, and strontium molybdate, used in solid-state devices. The oxide has potential application as an activator for green phosphors used in color TV tubes. It can be used with ZrO2 as a crystal stabilizer of fuel cells that operate at elevated temperature. Few other uses have been found. The element is priced at about $40/g (99.9%). Little is known of the toxicity of terbium. It should be handled with care as with other lanthanide elements.

Verwenden

There are few uses for terbium. However, terbium can be used as an activator for greenphosphor in TV tubes, and some of its compounds are used to produce laser lights. It is alsoused to “dope” (coat) some forms of solid-state instruments, as a stabilizer in fuel cells so thatthey can operate at high temperatures, and as a metal for control rods in nuclear reactors.

synthetische

Terbium is recovered from the minerals, monazite, xenotime, and euxenite. The recovery processes are quite similar to those of other lanthanide elements (See individual lanthanide elements). The metal is separated from other rareearths by ion exchange methods, which are relatively easy and faster than fractional crystallization techniques.
Terbium metal is obtained from its anhydrous trifluoride, TbF3, or trichloride, TbCl3, by thermal reduction with calcium, carried out in a tantalum crucible. Terbium produced by such methods may contain traces of calcium and tantalum. High purity metal can be prepared by various methods such as vacuum remelting, distillation, amalgam formation, floating zone melting, and various chemical processes.

Definition

terbium: Symbol Tb. A silverymetallic element belonging to thelanthanoids; a.n. 65; r.a.m. 158.92;r.d. 8.23 (20°C); m.p. 1356°C; b.p.3123°C. It occurs in apatite and xenotime,from which it is obtained by anion-exchange process. There is onlyone natural isotope, terbium–159,which is stable. Seventeen artificialisotopes have been identified. It isused as a dopant in semiconductingdevices. It was discovered by CarlMosander (1797–1858) in 1843.

Hazard

The halogens (group VIIA) of terbium are strong irritants. Most of the compounds aretoxic and some are explosive. A vacuum or inert atmosphere must be maintained when workingwith the metal because of its strong oxidation properties.

Terbium Upstream-Materialien And Downstream Produkte

Upstream-Materialien

Downstream Produkte


Terbium Anbieter Lieferant Produzent Hersteller Vertrieb Händler.

Global( 113)Lieferanten
Firmenname Telefon E-Mail Land Produktkatalog Edge Rate
Hubei Jusheng Technology Co.,Ltd.
18871490254
linda@hubeijusheng.com CHINA 28180 58
Hefei TNJ Chemical Industry Co.,Ltd.
0551-65418671
sales@tnjchem.com China 34572 58
Shaanxi Dideu Medichem Co. Ltd
+86-029-89586680 +86-18192503167
1026@dideu.com China 9802 58
Zhuoer Chemical Co., Ltd
02120970332; +8613524231522
sales@zhuoerchem.com China 3010 58
Alfa Chemistry
+1-5166625404
Info@alfa-chemistry.com United States 21317 58
Mainchem Co., Ltd. +86-0592-6210733
sale@mainchem.com China 32360 55
Tianjin Seventeen Element Technology Co. LTD 400-004-1117 13611222737
ledbigtree@163.com China 150 58
J & K SCIENTIFIC LTD. 010-82848833 400-666-7788
jkinfo@jkchemical.com China 96815 76
Meryer (Shanghai) Chemical Technology Co., Ltd. 4006608290; 18621169109
market03@meryer.com China 40241 62
Alfa Aesar 400-6106006
saleschina@alfa-asia.com China 30132 84

7440-27-9(Terbium)Verwandte Suche:


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