Bronopol (INN) Chemische Eigenschaften,Einsatz,Produktion Methoden
ERSCHEINUNGSBILD
GERUCHLOSE WEISSE KRISTALLE.
CHEMISCHE GEFAHREN
Zersetzung beim Erhitzen oder Verbrennen unter Bildung giftiger und ätzender Rauche mit Bromwasserstoff und Stickstoffoxiden. Reagiert mit einigen Metallen, Aminen und alkalischen Verbindungen.
ARBEITSPLATZGRENZWERTE
TLV nicht festgelegt (ACGIH 2005).
MAK: IIb (nicht festgelegt, aber Informationen vorhanden); Hautresorption; Sensibilisierung der Haut; (DFG 2006).
AUFNAHMEWEGE
Aufnahme in den Körper durch Inhalation des Aerosols, über die Haut und durch Verschlucken.
INHALATIONSGEFAHREN
Verdampfung bei 20°C vernachlässigbar; eine gesundheitsschädliche Partikelkonzentration in der Luft kann jedoch beim Dispergieren schnell erreicht werden.
WIRKUNGEN BEI KURZZEITEXPOSITION
WIRKUNGEN BEI KURZZEITEXPOSITION: Die Substanz reizt die Augen, die Haut und die Atemwege.
WIRKUNGEN NACH WIEDERHOLTER ODER LANGZEITEXPOSITION
Wiederholter oder andauernder Kontakt kann zu Hautsensibilisierung führen.
LECKAGE
Verschüttetes Material in Behältern sammeln; falls erforderlich durch Anfeuchten Staubentwicklung verhindern. Reste sorgfältig sammeln. An sicheren Ort bringen. NICHT in die Umwelt gelangen lassen. Persönliche Schutzausrüstung: Atemschutzgerät, P2-Filter für schädliche Partikel.
R-Sätze Betriebsanweisung:
R21/22:Gesundheitsschädlich bei Berührung mit der Haut und beim Verschlucken.
R37/38:Reizt die Atmungsorgane und die Haut.
R41:Gefahr ernster Augenschäden.
R50:Sehr giftig für Wasserorganismen.
S-Sätze Betriebsanweisung:
S26:Bei Berührung mit den Augen sofort gründlich mit Wasser abspülen und Arzt konsultieren.
S37/39:Bei der Arbeit geeignete Schutzhandschuhe und Schutzbrille/Gesichtsschutz tragen.
S61:Freisetzung in die Umwelt vermeiden. Besondere Anweisungen einholen/Sicherheitsdatenblatt zu Rate ziehen.
Beschreibung
Bronopol, a formaldehyde releaser, was reported as an
allergen in dairy workers. In a recent case report,
bronopol was contained in a lubricant jelly used for
ultrasound examination and caused contact dermatitis
in a veterinary surgeon.
Chemische Eigenschaften
Bronopol is a white or almost white crystalline powder; odorless or
with a faint characteristic odor.
Verwenden
First synthesized in 1897, bronopol was primarily used as an effective preservative agent and possesses a wide spectrum of antibacterial activity and inhibits the growth of fungi and yeasts. It can be used in the formulation of a wide variety of cosmetic and personal care products, especially in leave-on and rinse-off shampoos, creams, lotions, rinses and eye makeup to protect the product integrity by preventing or slowing bacterial growth.
Bronopol is used as a microbiocide/microbiostat in oil field systems, air washer systems, air conditioning/humidifying systems, cooling water systems, papermills, absorbent clays, metal working fluids, printing inks, paints, adhesives and consumer/institutional products. A formulating technical material is also registered.
https://www.ulprospector.comhttps://www3.epa.gov
Vorbereitung Methode
Bronopol is synthesized by the reaction of nitromethane with
paraformaldehyde in an alkaline environment, followed by
bromination. After crystallization, bronopol powder may be milled
to produce a powder of the required fineness.
Allgemeine Beschreibung
White crystals. Ignite easily and burn readily. May detonate under strong shock. Decomposes when heated, evolving toxic gases. Toxic by skin absorption, inhalation or ingestion.
Air & Water Reaktionen
Highly flammable. Water soluble.
Reaktivität anzeigen
Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents, strong bases, strong reducing agents, acid chlorides and acid anhydrides. 2-Bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol is also incompatible with sulfhydryl compounds or with aluminum or iron containers (it is stable in contact with tin or stainless steel).
Hazard
Toxic by all routes of exposure; skin irritant.
Health Hazard
Fire may produce irritating and/or toxic gases. Contact may cause burns to skin and eyes. Contact with molten substance may cause severe burns to skin and eyes. Runoff from fire control may cause pollution.
Brandgefahr
Flammable/combustible material. May be ignited by friction, heat, sparks or flames. Some may burn rapidly with flare burning effect. Powders, dusts, shavings, borings, turnings or cuttings may explode or burn with explosive violence. Substance may be transported in a molten form at a temperature that may be above its flash point. May re-ignite after fire is extinguished.
Pharmazeutische Anwendungen
Bronopol 0.01–0.1% w/v is used as an antimicrobial preservative
either alone or in combination with other preservatives in topical
pharmaceutical formulations, cosmetics, and toiletries; the usual
concentration is 0.02% w/v.
Kontakt-Allergie
Bronopol is a preservative sometimes considered as a formaldehyde releaser. It was reported to be an allergen in cosmetics, cleaning agents, dairy workers, and a lubricant jelly used for ultrasound examination.
https://www.smartpractice.com https://www.contactdermatitisinstitute.com
Sicherheitsprofil
Poison by ingestion,
subcutaneous, intravenous, and
intraperitoneal routes. Moderately toxic by
skin contact. An eye and human skin irritant.
An antiseptic. When heated to
decomposition it emits very toxic fumes of
NOx, and Br-.
Lager
Bronopol is stable and its antimicrobial activity is practically
unaffected when stored as a solid at room temperature and ambient
relative humidity for up to 2 years.
The pH of a 1.0% w/v aqueous solution is 5.0–6.0 and falls
slowly during storage; solutions are more stable in acid conditions.
Microbiological assay results indicate longer half-lives than
those obtained by HPLC and thus suggest that degradation
products may contribute to antimicrobial activity. Formaldehyde
and nitrites are among the decomposition products, but formaldehyde
arises in such low concentrations that its antimicrobial effect is
not likely to be significant. On exposure to light, especially under
alkaline conditions, solutions become yellow or brown-colored but
the degree of discoloration does not directly correlate with loss of
antimicrobial activity.
The bulk material should be stored in a well-closed, nonaluminum
container protected from light, in a cool, dry place.
Inkompatibilitäten
Sulfhydryl compounds cause significant reductions in the activity of
bronopol, and cysteine hydrochloride may be used as the
deactivating agent in preservative efficacy tests; lecithin/polysorbate
combinations are unsuitable for this purpose. Bronopol is
incompatible with sodium thiosulfate, with sodium metabisulfite,
and with amine oxide or protein hydrolysate surfactants. Owing to
an incompatibility with aluminum, the use of aluminum in the
packaging of products that contain bronopol should be avoided.
Regulatory Status
Included in topical pharmaceutical formulations licensed in Europe.
Included in the Canadian List of Acceptable Non-medicinal
Ingredients.
Bronopol (INN) Upstream-Materialien And Downstream Produkte
Upstream-Materialien
Downstream Produkte
