Sodium cloxacillin monohydrate Chemische Eigenschaften,Einsatz,Produktion Methoden
R-Sätze Betriebsanweisung:
R36/37/38:Reizt die Augen, die Atmungsorgane und die Haut.
R42/43:Sensibilisierung durch Einatmen und Hautkontakt möglich.
S-Sätze Betriebsanweisung:
S26:Bei Berührung mit den Augen sofort gründlich mit Wasser abspülen und Arzt konsultieren.
S36:DE: Bei der Arbeit geeignete Schutzkleidung tragen.
Beschreibung
Cloxacillin was synthesized by Beecham Research Laboratories in 1962 starting with 6- aminopenicillanic acid. It was the first semisynthetic penicillin with a halogen atom in the side chain to be used clinically. It shows 5- to 20-fold stronger activity than methicillin and is twice as active as oxacillin against Staphylococcus aureus, including benzylpenicillin-resistant strains. Cloxacillin is highly stable against penicillinase and well absorbed by oral administration. It has been widely used, by oral and intramuscular administration, to treat internal, surgical, gynecological, and other infections caused by both benzylpenicillin-sensitive and benzylpenicillin-resistant bacteria.
Chemische Eigenschaften
White or almost white, hygroscopic, crystalline powder.
Verwenden
Penicillin antibacterial.
Kontakt-Allergie
Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic penicillin close to oxacillin.
It induced contact dermatitis in a pharmaceutical
factory worker with positive reactions to ampicillin,
but not to penicillin. In cutaneous drug reactions such
as acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis due to
amoxicillin, cross-reactivity is frequent to cloxacillin
(personal observations).
Clinical Use
The chlorine atom ortho to the position of attachment of thephenyl ring to the isoxazole ring enhances the activity ofcloxacillin sodium, [3-(o-chlorophenyl)-5-methyl-4-isoxazolyl]penicillin sodium monohydrate (Tegopen), over that ofoxacillin, not by increasing its intrinsic antibacterial activitybut by enhancing its oral absorption, leading to higher plasmalevels. In almost all other respects, it resembles oxacillin.
Sicherheitsprofil
Moderately toxic by intraperitoneal, intramuscular, subcutaneous, and intravenous routes. Mildly toxic by ingestion. When heated to decomposition it emits very toxic fumes of Cl-, NOx, Na2O, and SOx.
Sodium cloxacillin monohydrate Upstream-Materialien And Downstream Produkte
Upstream-Materialien
Downstream Produkte
