N,N-Diethyl-m-toluamid Chemische Eigenschaften,Einsatz,Produktion Methoden
R-Sätze Betriebsanweisung:
R22:Gesundheitsschädlich beim Verschlucken.
R36/38:Reizt die Augen und die Haut.
R52/53:Schädlich für Wasserorganismen, kann in Gewässern längerfristig schädliche Wirkungen haben.
S-Sätze Betriebsanweisung:
S61:Freisetzung in die Umwelt vermeiden. Besondere Anweisungen einholen/Sicherheitsdatenblatt zu Rate ziehen.
Beschreibung
DEET was first developed and patented by the US Army in
1946. It was approved for general public use by the US Environmental
Protection Agency (EPA) in 1957 and was reregistered
in 1998. It has been estimated that more than
1.8 million kg (～4 million pounds) of DEET are used in the
United States every year in more than 225 registered products.
DEET is often sold and used in lotions or sprays with concentrations
up to 100%. However, the Center for Disease Control
recommends only 30–50% DEET to reduce the incidence of
vector-borne disease transmission. Registered products must
contain at least 95% of the meta-isomer, but small amounts of
the more toxic ortho-isomer and the less toxic para-isomer are
permitted.
Chemische Eigenschaften
Colorless to Amberlike Liquid
History
Formulations registered for direct human application contain from 4% to 100% DEET.
DEET was developed as a joint effort by the Department of Defense and U.S. Department of
Agriculture (USDA). After examining hundreds of compounds for their repellent capabilities
in the 1940s, DEET was selected and patented by the U.S. Army in 1946.the USDA did not
announce DEET’s discovery until 1954, and it was registered for public use in 1957. DEET
is prepared from m-toluoyl chloride and diethylamine in benzene or ether.
Definition
ChEBI: A monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of m-toluic acid with the nitrogen of diethylamine. It is the most widely used insect repellent worldwide.
Indications
DEET is an organic liquid that is an excellent mosquito repellent; stronger
preparations of DEET are also effective against stable flies, although little protection
is provided against ticks. Commercial preparations are available in aerosol,
cream, or lotion form and vary in concentration from 6% to 100%. Because
DEET is absorbed into the bloodstream, it should be applied sparingly. Lesser
concentrations of DEET should be used whenever possible, with additional applications
to the skin if needed. Reports of a toxic encephalopathy and brief
seizures have been documented in children after overzealous use. Less serious
neurologic side effects include confusion, irritability, and insomnia. Contact dermatitis
has been observed with preparations containing higher concentrations of
DEET.
Use preparations with <20% DEET in children. Avoid mucous membranes,
broken skin, and hands of children, because they are often in contact with the
mouth. Spray clothing instead of skin whenever possible, but avoid contact
with rayon, acetate, or spandex, because these materials may be damaged by
DEET.
Allgemeine Beschreibung
Clear colorless or faintly yellow slightly viscous liquid. Faint pleasant odor.
Air & Water Reaktionen
N,N-Diethyl-3-methylbenzamide is sensitive to prolonged exposure to moisture. Insoluble in water.
Reaktivität anzeigen
N,N-Diethyl-3-methylbenzamide is incompatible with strong acids, strong bases and strong oxidizing agents. N,N-Diethyl-3-methylbenzamide hydrolyzes slowly in the presence of water. N,N-Diethyl-3-methylbenzamide has a solvent effect on most plastics, paints, and varnishes. N,N-Diethyl-3-methylbenzamide is also incompatible with rayon, acetate or dynel clothing.
Brandgefahr
N,N-Diethyl-3-methylbenzamide is combustible.
Sicherheitsprofil
Poison by intravenous
route. Moderately toxic by ingestion and
skin contact. Human systemic effects: coma,
convulsions, dermatitis, mydriasis @upillary
ddation), nausea or vomiting, stiffness. An
eye and skin irritant. Experimental
reproductive effects by skin contact.
Mutation data reported. Can cause central
nervous system disturbances. A pesticide.
DEET is the active ingredient in most
commercial insect repellents. When heated
to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of
NOx
Environmental Fate
Historically, it was thought that DEET worked via blocking of
insect olfactory receptors and that DEET masked the target to
the insect senses so the insect would not detect a food source.
Instead, however, recent evidence indicates that the odor of
DEET is what acts as the true repellent. A specific type of an
olfactory receptor neuron in the antennal sensilla of mosquitoes
was identified, and this neuron is activated by DEET. This
activity is responsible for the properties that give DEET its
repellent ability.
DEET is also toxic to the central nervous system(CNS). DEET
acts as an inhibitor to the enzyme acetylcholinesterase which is
required for the proper functioning of the human nervous
system, other vertebrates, and insects. The enzyme acetylcholinesterase
hydrolyzes acetylcholine, which is important to
muscle control. When this process is inhibited, acetylcholine
builds up in the synaptic cleft and causes neuromuscular paralysis
and death by asphyxiation.
N,N-Diethyl-m-toluamid Upstream-Materialien And Downstream Produkte
Upstream-Materialien
Downstream Produkte
