2-Chloracetophenon Chemische Eigenschaften,Einsatz,Produktion Methoden
ERSCHEINUNGSBILD
FARBLOSEBIS GRAUE KRISTALLE.
CHEMISCHE GEFAHREN
Zersetzung beim Verbrennen unter Bildung giftiger und ätzender Rauche mit Chlorwasserstoff.
ARBEITSPLATZGRENZWERTE
TLV: 0.05 ppm (als TWA); Krebskategorie A4 (nicht klassifizierbar als krebserzeugend für den Menschen); (ACGIH 2005).
MAK nicht festgelegt (DFG 2005).
AUFNAHMEWEGE
Aufnahme in den Körper durch Inhalation und durch Verschlucken.
INHALATIONSGEFAHREN
Beim Verdampfen bei 20 °C tritt langsam eine gesundheitsschädliche Kontamination der Luft ein.
WIRKUNGEN BEI KURZZEITEXPOSITION
WIRKUNGEN BEI KURZZEITEXPOSITION: Tränenreizend. Die Substanz reizt stark die Augen. Die Substanz reizt die Haut und die Atemwege. Inhalation von Dampf oder Aerosol kann zu Lungenödem führen (s.Anm.). Die Auswirkungen treten u.U. verzögert ein. ärztliche Beobachtung notwendig.
WIRKUNGEN NACH WIEDERHOLTER ODER LANGZEITEXPOSITION
Wiederholter oder andauernder Hautkontakt kann zu Dermatitis und Hautsensibilisierung führen.
LECKAGE
Verschüttetes Material in abdichtbaren Kunststoffbehältern sammeln; falls erforderlich durch Anfeuchten Staubentwicklung verhindern. Reste sorgfältig sammeln. An sicheren Ort bringen. Persönliche Schutzausrüstung: Umgebungsluftunabhängiges Atemschutzgerät.
R-Sätze Betriebsanweisung:
R25:Giftig beim Verschlucken.
R36/37/38:Reizt die Augen, die Atmungsorgane und die Haut.
R42/43:Sensibilisierung durch Einatmen und Hautkontakt möglich.
R23/25:Giftig beim Einatmen und Verschlucken.
R36:Reizt die Augen.
R23/24/25:Giftig beim Einatmen, Verschlucken und Berührung mit der Haut.
S-Sätze Betriebsanweisung:
S22:Staub nicht einatmen.
S26:Bei Berührung mit den Augen sofort gründlich mit Wasser abspülen und Arzt konsultieren.
S36/37/39:Bei der Arbeit geeignete Schutzkleidung,Schutzhandschuhe und Schutzbrille/Gesichtsschutz tragen.
S45:Bei Unfall oder Unwohlsein sofort Arzt zuziehen (wenn möglich, dieses Etikett vorzeigen).
S7/9:Behälter dicht geschlossen an einem gut gelüfteten Ort aufbewahren.
Beschreibung
Chloroacetophenone is contained in tear gases (lacrimators).
This substance has an important irritative
potential but can also be a sensitizer.
Chemische Eigenschaften
2-Chloroacetophenone (CN) is a combustible,
colorless-to-gray solid. CN has a sharp, irritating odor, has
been described as smelling like “apple blossoms.” It may
be dissolved in a solvent
Physikalische Eigenschaften
Colorless to gray crystalline solid with a sharp, penetrating, irritating odor. The low odor and high
odor threshold concentrations were 102 and 150 μg/m
3, respectively (Ruth, 1986).
Verwenden
Riot control agent.
Definition
A strong lachrymator.
Allgemeine Beschreibung
2-chloroacetophenone appears as a white crystalline solid. Denser than water and insoluble in water. Hence sinks in water. A lachrymator: vapors are very irritating to the eyes. Has a floral odor. Used as a riot control agent.
Hazard
The main uses for 2-chloroacetophenone are in tear gas and in chemical Mace. It is a potent eye, throat, and skin irritant. Acute (short-term) inhalation exposure of humans causes burning of the eyes with lacrimation, some degree of blurred vision, possible corneal damage, irritation and burning of the nose, throat, and skin, and burning in the chest with dyspnea. Acute dermal exposure is irritating and can result in first, second, and third degree chemical burns in humans. Squamous hyperplasia of the nasal respiratory epithelium was reported in rats chronically exposed (long-term) via inhalation. EPA has not classified 2-chloroacetophenone with respect to potential carcinogenicity.
Health Hazard
Median lethal dose (mg-min/m3): 11000 (estimated). Median incapacitating dose: 80. Eye/skin toxicity: Temporarily severe eye irritation; mild skin irritation. Rate of action: Instantaneous. Physiological action: Powerfully lacrimatory. Detoxification rate: Rapid. (ANSER)
Brandgefahr
Combustible material: may burn but does not ignite readily. When heated, vapors may form explosive mixtures with air: indoors, outdoors and sewers explosion hazards. Contact with metals may evolve flammable hydrogen gas. Containers may explode when heated. Runoff may pollute waterways. Substance may be transported in a molten form.
Kontakt-Allergie
w-Chloroacetophenone is contained in tear gases (lacrimators).
This substance has important irritative
potential, but can also be a sensitizer.
Sicherheitsprofil
A human poison by
inhalation. An experimental poison by
ingestion, inhalation, intraperitoneal, and
intravenous routes. Human systemic effects
by inhalation: lachrymation, conjunctiva
irritation, and unspecified eye effects, cough,
and dyspnea. A severe eye and moderate
skin irritant. Questionable carcinogen with
experimental neoplastigenic data by skin
contact. A riot control agent. When heated
to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of
Cl-. See also KETONES.
mögliche Exposition
Chloroacetophenone is used as a
chemical warfare agent (Agent CN) and as a principal
ingredient in the riot control agent Mace. It is also used as
a pharmaceutical intermediate. The United States considers
agent CN and its mixtures with various chemicals to be
obsolete for military deployment.
Environmental Fate
Chemical/Physical. Releases toxic chloride fumes when heated to decomposition (Sax and
Lewis, 1987).
Versand/Shipping
UN1697 Chloroacetophenone, solid, (CN),
Hazard Class: 6.1; Labels: 6.1-Poison Inhalation. UN3416
Chloroacetophenone, liquid, (CN), Hazard Class: 6.1;Labels: 6.1-Poisonous materials. Hazard. Military driver
shall be given full and complete information regarding
shipment and conditions in case of emergency. AR 50-6
deals specifically with the shipment of chemical agents.
Shipments of agent will be escorted in accordance with AR
740-32.
läuterung methode
Crystallise it from MeOH [Tanner J Org Chem 52 2142 1987]. [Beilstein 7 IV 641.]
Inkompatibilitäten
Keep away from water, steam, strong
oxidizers. CN reacts with water, forming hydrochloric acid.
Incompatible with oxidizers (chlorates, nitrates, peroxides,
permanganates, perchlorates, chlorine, bromine, fluorine,
etc.); contact may cause fires or explosions. Keep away
from alkaline materials, strong bases, strong acids, oxoacids, epoxides. CN reacts slowly with metals, causing mild
corrosion and may evolve flammable hydrogen gas.
Waste disposal
Tear gas-containing waste is
dissolved in an organic solvent and sprayed into an incinerator equipped with an afterburner and alkaline scrubber utilizing reaction with sodium sulfide in an alcoholwater
solution. Hydrogen sulfide is liberated and collected by an
alkaline scrubber.
2-Chloracetophenon Upstream-Materialien And Downstream Produkte
Upstream-Materialien
Downstream Produkte
