Dinoseb Chemische Eigenschaften,Einsatz,Produktion Methoden
ERSCHEINUNGSBILD
ORANGEFARBENE KRISTALLE MIT STECHENDEM GERUCH.
CHEMISCHE GEFAHREN
Zersetzung beim Erhitzen unter Bildung giftiger Rauche mit Stickstoffoxiden. Schwache Säure in wässriger Lösung. Greift viele Metalle in Gegenwart von Wasser an.
ARBEITSPLATZGRENZWERTE
TLV nicht festgelegt (ACGIH 2005).
MAK nicht festgelegt (DFG 2005).
AUFNAHMEWEGE
Aufnahme in den Körper durch Inhalation, über die Haut und durch Verschlucken.
INHALATIONSGEFAHREN
Beim Verdampfen bei 20°C tritt eine gesundheitsschädliche Kontamination der Luft nicht oder nur sehr langsam ein; viel schneller jedoch beim Versprühen oder Dispergieren.
WIRKUNGEN BEI KURZZEITEXPOSITION
WIRKUNGEN BEI KURZZEITEXPOSITION: Die Substanz reizt die Augen. Möglich sind Auswirkungen auf Magendarmtrakt und Zentralnervensystem. Exposition gegenüber dem Aerosol in heißer Umgebung kann zum Tod führen.
WIRKUNGEN NACH WIEDERHOLTER ODER LANGZEITEXPOSITION
Möglich sind Auswirkungen auf Nieren, Leber, Blut, Immunsystem und Augen (Grauer Star). Kann fruchtbarkeitsschädigend oder entwicklungsschädigend wirken.
LECKAGE
NICHT in die Kanalisation spülen. Verschüttetes Material in Behältern sammeln; falls erforderlich durch Anfeuchten Staubentwicklung verhindern. Reste sorgfältig sammeln. An sicheren Ort bringen. Persönliche Schutzausrüstung: Atemschutzgerät, P3-Filter für giftige Partikel.
R-Sätze Betriebsanweisung:
R24/25:Giftig bei Berührung mit der Haut und beim Verschlucken.
R44:Explosionsgefahr bei Erhitzen unter Einschluss.
R50/53:Sehr giftig für Wasserorganismen, kann in Gewässern längerfristig schädliche Wirkungen haben.
R61:Kann das Kind im Mutterleib schädigen.
R62:Kann möglicherweise die Fortpflanzungsfähigkeit beeinträchtigen.
R36:Reizt die Augen.
R63:Kann das Kind im Mutterleib möglicherweise schädigen.
R43:Sensibilisierung durch Hautkontakt möglich.
R36/37/38:Reizt die Augen, die Atmungsorgane und die Haut.
R23/24/25:Giftig beim Einatmen, Verschlucken und Berührung mit der Haut.
R45:Kann Krebs erzeugen.
S-Sätze Betriebsanweisung:
S45:Bei Unfall oder Unwohlsein sofort Arzt zuziehen (wenn möglich, dieses Etikett vorzeigen).
S53:Exposition vermeiden - vor Gebrauch besondere Anweisungen einholen.
S60:Dieses Produkt und sein Behälter sind als gefährlicher Abfall zu entsorgen.
S61:Freisetzung in die Umwelt vermeiden. Besondere Anweisungen einholen/Sicherheitsdatenblatt zu Rate ziehen.
S36/37:Bei der Arbeit geeignete Schutzhandschuhe und Schutzkleidung tragen.
S24/25:Berührung mit den Augen und der Haut vermeiden.
S23:Gas/Rauch/Dampf/Aerosol nicht einatmen(geeignete Bezeichnung(en) vom Hersteller anzugeben).
Beschreibung
Dinoseb, also known as dinitrophenol, can adversely affect the
energy generating reaction in a cell. No cell will live very long
under the influence of high concentrations of dinitrophenol. It
makes the body burn enough energy to result in weight loss.
During the 1930s, physicians unwittingly prescribed certain
types of dinitrophenol as diet pills.
Dow Chemical changed the basic structure of dinitrophenol
slightly to produce dinoseb, which was marketed in 1948.
Dinoseb was widely used as a contact herbicide against
broadleaf weeds.
Dinoseb causes toxicity the same way in plants,
animals, and fungi because all cells contain very similar
biochemical pathways for creating energy from the breakdown
of sugars. Furthermore, photosynthesis in plants
relies on an energy transfer system that is also inhibited by
dinitrophenol.
Given the high toxicity, EPA concluded that the doses
causing the birth defects and the endocrine-disrupting effects
were close to worker exposure levels. Thus, under an emergency
order issued in 1986, EPA suspended dinoseb’s registration.
In August 1990, the EPA banned the burying of
dinoseb-contaminated soils in EPA-approved landfills,
making incineration the only EPA-approved disposal method
for dinoseb-contaminated soil. Incineration is expensive and
incomplete, leaving a noncombustible residue as a further
hazardous waste and some combustion products that could
remain toxic. Therefore, an ex situ soil bioremediation process
was developed by the Sabre Processing company. This process
is known as the SABRE process; it uses an anaerobic consortium
and supplemental carbon source at the field scale to
successfully remediate contaminated soils.
Chemische Eigenschaften
solid
Verwenden
The amine, ammonium salt or acetate ester is used as a contact herbicide for postemergence weed control in cereals, cotton, peas, beans, potatoes, pumpkins, soybeans and strawberries.
Allgemeine Beschreibung
Orange-brown viscous liquid or orange-brown solid. Orange crystals when pure. Has a pungent odor. Used as a plant growth regulator; insecticide and herbicide.
Reaktivität anzeigen
4,6-Dinitro-2-sec-butylphenol is a powerful oxidizing agent. . 4,6-Dinitro-2-sec-butylphenol is dangerously explosive. When not water wet 4,6-Dinitro-2-sec-butylphenol is a high explosive. Dry, the material is easily ignited and 4,6-Dinitro-2-sec-butylphenol will burn very vigorously. On decomposition, nitro compounds such as this emit toxic fumes. Appear to be stable in acid solution, but are susceptible to decomposition by ultraviolet radiation in alkaline solution. [EPA, 1998].
Health Hazard
Extremely toxic: Probable oral lethal dose is 5-50 mg/kg; between 7 drops and 1 teaspoonful for 70 kg person (150 lb.).
Brandgefahr
This is a dinitrophenol herbicide. (Non-Specific -- Dinitrophenol, Flammable Solid). 4,6-Dinitro-2-sec-butylphenol is dangerously explosive. When not water wet 4,6-Dinitro-2-sec-butylphenol is a high explosive. Dry, the material is easily ignited and 4,6-Dinitro-2-sec-butylphenol will burn very vigorously. On decomposition, nitro compounds such as this emit toxic fumes. Appear to be stable in acid solution, but are susceptible to decomposition by ultraviolet radiation in alkaline solution.
Landwirtschaftliche Anwendung
Plant growth regulator, Herbicide: Dinoseb is a phenolic herbicide used in soybeans,
vegetables, fruits and nuts, citrus, and other field crops for
the selective control of grass and broadleaf weeds (e.g.,
in corn). It is also used as an insecticide in grapes, and
as a seed crop drying agent. It is produced in emuslifiable concentrates or as water-soluble ammonium or amine
salts. It is no longer available in the U.S. Formerly widely
used in the UK for the fumigation of potatoes; however,
dinoseb acetate and dinoseb amine were banned from use
in 1988. Dinoseb’s primary use is as a contact herbicide
for post-emergence weed control in cereals, undersown
cereals, seedling lucerne and peas. Dinoseb is also used
as a corn yield enhancer and an insecticide and miticide.
Banned for use in EU countries (includes salts and acetate). A U.S. EPA restricted Use Pesticide (RUP). The use
of dinoseb was canceled in the U.S. in 1986 based on the
potential risk of birth defects and other adverse health effects for applicators and other persons having substantial
dinoseb exposure. There are 20 global suppliers.
Handelsname
AATOX®; AI3-01122®; ARETIT®;
BASANITE®; BNP 20®; BNP 30®; BUTAPHENE®;
CALDON®; CASWELL No. 392DD®; CHEMOX®[C];
CHEMOX GENERAL®[C]; CHEMOX P. E. ®[C];
CHEMSECT DNBP®; DESICOIL®; DIBUTOX®;
DINITRALL®; DINITRO®; DN 289®; DOW
GENERAL®[C]; DOW GENERAL WEED KILLER®[C];
DOW SELECTIVE WEED KILLER®[C]; DYNAMYTE®[C];
DYTOP®; ELGETOL 318®; FANICIDE®; GEBUTOX®;
HEL-FIRE®[C]; HIVERTOX®; HOE 26150®; IVOSIT®;
KILOSEB®; KNOWX-WEED®; KNOX-WEED®;
LADOB®; LASEB®; LIRO DNBP®; NITROPONE C®;
PERSEVTOX®; PHENOTAN®; PREMERGE®; SINOX
GENERAL®[C]; SPARIC®; SPURGE®; SUBITEX®;
UNICROP DNBP®; VERTAC DINITRO WEED
KILLER®[C]; VERTAC GENERAL WEED KILLER®[C];
VERTAC SELECTIVE WEED KILLER®[C]
Environmental Fate
Biological. When 14C-labeled dinoseb (5 ppm) was incubated in soil at 25°C for 60 days, 36.0% of the applied amount degraded to 14CO2 (Doyle et al., 1978). Thom and Agg (1975) reported that dinoseb is unlikely to be degraded in conventional sewage treatment processes.
Groundwater. According to the U.S. EPA (1986) dinoseb has a high potential to leach to groundwater.
Plant. When dinoseb on bean leaves was exposed to sunlight, photodegradation resulted in the formation of persistent, polar compounds. The compounds could not be identified by TLC (Matsuo and Casida, 1970).
Chemical/Physical. Reacts with organic and inorganic bases forming water-soluble salts (Worthing and Hance, 1991).
Emits toxic fumes of chlorine when heated to decomposition (Sax and Lewis, 1987).
Dinoseb Upstream-Materialien And Downstream Produkte
Upstream-Materialien
Downstream Produkte
