Natriumcarbonat Chemische Eigenschaften,Einsatz,Produktion Methoden
ERSCHEINUNGSBILD
WEISSES HYGROSKOPISCHES PULVER.
CHEMISCHE GEFAHREN
Mittelstarke Base in wässriger Lösung. Reagiert sehr heftig mit Säuren. Reagiert mit Magnesium, Phosphorpentoxid unter Explosionsgefahr. Reagiert mit Fluor unter Feuergefahr.
ARBEITSPLATZGRENZWERTE
TLV nicht festgelegt (ACGIH 2005).
MAK nicht festgelegt (DFG 2005).
INHALATIONSGEFAHREN
Eine gesundheitsschädliche Partikelkonzentration in der Luft kann schnell erreicht werden, vor allem als Pulver.
WIRKUNGEN BEI KURZZEITEXPOSITION
WIRKUNGEN BEI KURZZEITEXPOSITION: Die Substanz reizt die Augen, die Haut und die Atemwege.
WIRKUNGEN NACH WIEDERHOLTER ODER LANGZEITEXPOSITION
Möglich sind Auswirkungen auf die Atemwege. Führt zu Perforation der Nasenscheidewand. Wiederholter oder andauernder Hautkontakt kann Dermatitis hervorrufen.
LECKAGE
Verschüttetes Material in abdichtbaren Behältern sammeln; falls erforderlich durch Anfeuchten Staubentwicklung verhindern. Persönliche Schutzausrüstung: Atemschutzgerät, P2-Filter für schädliche Partikel.
R-Sätze Betriebsanweisung:
R32:Entwickelt bei Berührung mit Säure sehr giftige Gase.
R36:Reizt die Augen.
R51/53:Giftig für Wasserorganismen, kann in Gewässern längerfristig schädliche Wirkungen haben.
R36/37/38:Reizt die Augen, die Atmungsorgane und die Haut.
R41:Gefahr ernster Augenschäden.
R37/38:Reizt die Atmungsorgane und die Haut.
S-Sätze Betriebsanweisung:
S36/37:Bei der Arbeit geeignete Schutzhandschuhe und Schutzkleidung tragen.
S26:Bei Berührung mit den Augen sofort gründlich mit Wasser abspülen und Arzt konsultieren.
S22:Staub nicht einatmen.
S36:DE: Bei der Arbeit geeignete Schutzkleidung tragen.
S39:Schutzbrille/Gesichtsschutz tragen.
Aussehen Eigenschaften
Na2CO3; Kohlensäuredinatriumsalz, wasserfreie Soda. Farbloser Festsoff.
Gefahren für Mensch und Umwelt
Reizt die Augen.
Nicht mit Aluminium, Erdalkalimetallen in Pulverform, organischen Nitroverbindungen, Alkalimetallen, Fluor, Nichtmetalloxiden in der Hitze und konz. Schwefelsäure in Berührung bringen.
LD
Lo (Ratte, oral): 4000 mg/kg
Schutzmaßnahmen und Verhaltensregeln
Schutzhandschuhe als kurzzeitiger Staubschutz.
Verhalten im Gefahrfall
Persönliche Maßnahmen: Staubentwicklung vermeiden. Stäube nicht einatmen.
Trocken aufnehmen. Der Entsorgung zuführen. Nachreinigen.
Auf Umgebung abstimmen.
Nicht brennbar.
Erste Hilfe
Nach Hautkontakt: Mit reichlich Wasser abwaschen.
Nach Augenkontakt: Mit reichlich Wasser bei geöffnetem Lidspalt mindestens 15 Minuten ausspülen. Sofort Augenarzt hinzuziehen.
Nach Einatmen: Frischluft.
Nach Verschlucken: Reichlich Wasser trinken lassen. Erbrechen auslösen. Arzt hinzuziehen.
Nach Kleidungskontakt: Kontaminierte Kleidung entfernen.
Ersthelfer: siehe gesonderten Anschlag
Sachgerechte Entsorgung
In Wasser lösen und zu den wässrigen, basischen Lösemittelabfällen geben.
Beschreibung
Sodium carbonate is known as soda ash or washing soda and is a heavily used inorganic compound. Approximately 45 million tons of soda ash are produced globally both naturally and synthetically. Soda ash is obtained naturally primarily from the mineral trona, but it can also be obtained from nahcolite (NaHCO3) and salt brine deposits. Trona is a freshwater sodium carbonate-bicarbonate evaporite, with the formula Na3CO3HCO3 .2H2O. The largest known deposit of trona is located in the Green River area of Wyoming, and other large deposits are found in Egypt’s Nile Valley and California’s Searles basin around the city of Trona. Soda ash is produced from mined trona by crushing and screening the ore and then heating it. Th is produces a soda ash mixed with impurities. Pure soda ash is obtained by dissolving the product and precipitating impurities combined with filtering processes.
Chemische Eigenschaften
Sodium carbonate, Na2C03, also known as soda or soda ash,is the most important of the industrial alkalis. It is a white or grayish-white, lumpy, water-soluble powder that loses its water of crystallization when heated. It decomposes at a temperature of about 852°C (1560°F). It exists in solution only. It is prepared by the combination of carbon dioxide and water.
Physikalische Eigenschaften
Anhydrous sodium carbonate (soda ash, sal soda) is a white powder, which cakes and aggregates on exposure to air due to the formation of hydrates. The monohydrate, Na2CO3·H2O, is a white crystalline material, which is soluble in water and insoluble in alcohol; r.d. 2.532; loses water at 109°C; m.p. 851°C. The decahydrate, Na2CO3·10H2O (washing soda), is a translucent efluorescent crystalline solid; r.d. 1.44; loses water at 32–34°C to give the monohydrate; m.p. 851°C.
Occurrence
Ash is a tree found in regions of North America
History
Sodium carbonate, Na
2CO
3, has been used historically for making glass, soap, and gunpowder. Along with potassium carbonate, known as potash, sodium carbonate was the basis of the alkali industry, which was one of the first major chemical industries. Throughout history, alkalis were obtained from natural sources. Soda ash was also produced by burning wood and leaching the ashes with water to obtain a solution that yielded soda ash when the water was boiled off. The name soda ash originates from the barilla plant, which was used to produce soda ash. The scientific name of this plant is Salsola soda, but it goes by the common names of sodawort or glasswort because the soda produced from it was used in making glass. Barilla is a common plant found in saline waters along the Mediterranean Sea in Spain and Italy.
Barilla was dried and burned to produce soda ash. The depletion of European forests and
international disputes made the availability of alkali salts increasingly uncertain during the
latter part of the 18th century. LeBlanc
proposed a procedure in 1783, and a plant based on LeBlanc’s method was opened in 1791.
Unfortunately, LeBlanc’s association with French Royalty led to the confi scation of the plant
at the time of the French Revolution. Furthermore, confl icting claims for LeBlanc’s method
were made by several other chemists and he never received the reward.
Verwenden
Soda ash is used in glass making, in production of sodium chemicals (such as sodium chromates, phosphates, and silicates), in the wood pulp industry, in production of soaps and detergents, in oil refining, in water softening, and in refining of nonferrous metals. In its hydrous crystallized form (Na2C03.10H2O), it is known as sal soda,washing soda,or soda crystals, not to be confused with baking soda,which is sodium hydrogen carbonate or sodium bicarbonate (NaHC03). Its monohydrate form(Na2C03·H20) is the standard compound for scouring solutions.
When in solution, sodium carbonate creates less alkalinity than the hydroxides. A 0.1% solution creates a pH of 11;a fully saturated solution is 35%, which has a pH of 12.5.
The safety requirements for sodium carbonate, because of its lower alkalinity, can be considered less demanding than those for the related bicarbonates.
Definition
Sodium carbonate is an organic sodium salt and a carbonate salt. A dibasic acid formed in small amounts in solution when carbon dioxide dissolves in water: CO2 + H2O=H2CO2It forms two series of salts: hydrogencarbonates (HCO3–) and carbonates (CO32-). The pure acid cannot be isolated.
Vorbereitung Methode
Sodium carbonate is produced on all continents of the world
from its minerals. It is present in large deposits in Africa and the United States as either carbonate or trona, a mixed ore of
equal molar amounts of carbonate and bicarbonate. However,
about 70% of the world production of sodium carbonate is
manufactured by the Solvay (ammonia soda) process,
whereby ammonia is added to a solution of sodium chloride.
Carbon dioxide is then bubbled through to precipitate the
bicarbonate (NaHCO3) that is decomposed by heat-producing
sodium carbonate. In the United States. all production is
based on the minerals that contain sodium carbonate. Different
qualities of sodium carbonate are produced: technical,
food, and pharmaceutical grades.
Allgemeine Beschreibung
Sodium carbonate is a water soluble inorganic salt commonly used as a weak base. Its aqueous solution has the ability to uptake carbon dioxide. It can also catalyze the conversion of sewage sludge to liquid fuels.
Sicherheitsprofil
Poison by intraperitoneal route. Moderately toxic by inhalation and subcutaneous routes. Mlldly toxic by ingestion. Experimental reproductive effects. A skin and eye irritant. It migrates to food from packagmg materials. Can react violently with Al, P2O5, H2SO4, F2, Li, 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of Na2O
läuterung methode
It crystallises from water as the decahydrate which is redissolved in water to give a near-saturated solution. By bubbling CO2, NaHCO3 is precipitated. It is filtered off, washed and ignited for 2hours at 280o [MacLaren & Swinehart J Am Chem Soc 73 1822 1951]. Before being used as a volumetric standard, analytical grade material should be dried by heating at 260-270o for 0.5hour and allowed to cool in a desiccator. It has a transition point at 450o, and its solubility in water is 21.58% at 20o (decahydrate in solid phase), 49.25% at 35o (heptahydrate in solid phase) and 44.88% at 75o(monohydrate in solid phase) [D.nges in Handbook of Preparative Inorganic Chemistry (Ed. Brauer) Academic Press Vol I p 987-988 1963]. After three recrystallisations, technical grade Na2CO3 had Cr, Mg, K, P, Al, W, Sc and Ti at 32, 9.4, 6.6, 3.6, 2.4, 0.6, 0.2 and 0.2 ppm respectively; another technical source had Cr, Mg, Mo, P, Si, Sn and Ti at 2.6, 0.4, 4.2, 13.4, 32, 0.6, 0.8 ppm respectively.
Natriumcarbonat Upstream-Materialien And Downstream Produkte
Upstream-Materialien
Downstream Produkte
4-Methyloxetan-2-on
Reactive Black KN-BN
GLAUBERITE
Tetranatrium-4-amino-5-hydroxy-3,6-bis[[4-[[2-(sulfonatooxy)ethyl]sulfonyl]phenyl]azo]naphthalin-2,7-disulfonat
2-Pyridylamid oxime
1-Brom-2-chlorethan
POLYANIONIC CELLULOSE
Boric fertilizer
1,2-Dihydro-1-phenylpyridazin-3,6-dion
α-Methylzimtaldehyd
N'-HYDROXYPYRIDINE-4-CARBOXIMIDAMIDE
sodium aluminium acid phosphate for food
2-Nitrobenzylalkohol
Methylthiouracil
Cellulose diacetate plastifier
2,3-Dihydroxy-(R-(R*,R*))-butandisäure, Dinatrium-Salz
1,3,5-Triazin-2,4-diamin
Silbercarbonat
Acetic acid octyl ester
N-(Ethoxycarbonyl)-4-ethoxycarbonyl-1-methylpyrazole-5-sulfonamide
2-Isopropoxy-ethanol
water-proofing agnet AC
calcium stearyl lactate
Isopropyl-4-hydroxybenzoat
2-Chloro-4-methylpyrimidine
sodium aluminium phosphate,basic,for food
1,3-Dibrompropan-2-ol
N'-HYDROXY-2-THIOPHENECARBOXIMIDAMIDE
3-PYRIDYLAMIDOXIME
tert-Butylisocyanat
Fast Malachite Blue lake
Sulfadimidin
Streptodornase/streptokinase
Sodium dihydrogen phosphate dihydrate
Benzamidoxim
Trikaliumhexafluoroaluminat
SODIUM HYPOPHOSPHITE MONOHYDRATE
6-Methyl-2-(methylthio)pyrimidin-4-ol
benzene series organic effluent gas purifying catalyst
Indirubin
