4,4'-THIODIANILINE

Chemical Properties

A brown-purple powder or needles.

Uses

4,4'-Thiodianiline is a carcinogenic aromatic amine used in the textile industry. It can also be used to modify electrodes in solar cells. Dyes and metabolites, Environmental Testing.

Uses

4,4′-Diaminodiphenyl sulfide may be employed for the fabrication of quantum wires and quantum dots by chemical vapor deposition.
It may be used for the preparation of the following:

• polypyromellitimides
• sulfur-containing copolyimides
• polyamides

Uses

4,4′-Thiodianiline was used almost exclusively as a chemical intermediate in the production of three dyes: C.I. mordant yellow 16, milling red G, and milling red FR. However, only mordant yellow 16 had any commercial significance in the United States (IARC 1982, HSDB 2009); it was used to dye wool and for printing on wool, silk, and cotton (SDC 1971). Mordant yellow 16 has been used as an indicator in the U.S. government’s nerve gas detector program (SOCMA 2002). However, no uses of either 4,4′-thiodianiline or mordant yellow 16 since the early 1990s have been reported.

Definition

ChEBI: 4,4'-Thiodianiline is a substituted aniline.

General Description

4,4'-Thiodianiline is a substituted aniline. It is a brown to violet colored solid aromatic amine that emits toxic fumes of nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, nitrogen and sulfur oxides when heated to decomposition. 4,4'-Thiodianiline is primarily used as a chemical intermediate in the production of certain dyes. 

Air & Water Reactions

Insoluble in water.

Reactivity Profile

4,4'-THIODIANILINE is incompatible with acids, diazo and azo compounds, halocarbons, isocyanates, aldehydes, alkali metals, nitrides, hydrides, and other strong reducing agents. May generate heat with these materials and hydrogen gas or hydrogen sulfide gas. May liberate hydrogen sulfide if heated to decomposition or mixed with an acid. Also incompatible with peroxides, phenols (acidic), epoxides, anhydrides, and acid halides.

Health Hazard

ACUTE/CHRONIC HAZARDS: When heated to decomposition 4,4'-THIODIANILINE emits very toxic fumes.

Fire Hazard

Flash point data for 4,4'-THIODIANILINE are not available, however 4,4'-THIODIANILINE is probably combustible.

Safety Profile

Confirmed carcinogen with experimental carcinogenic and tumorigenic data. Poison by intravenous route. Moderately toxic by ingestion. Experimental reproductive effects. Mutation data reported. When heated to decomposition it emits very toxic fumes of NOx and SOx. See also SULFIDES.

Potential Exposure

4,40-Thiodianiline is used as a dye intermediate; in organic sythesis; as a lab reagent. Antiplatyhelmintic agents; Carcinogens

Carcinogenicity

4,4′-Thiodianiline is reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen based on sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity from studies in experimental animals.

Shipping

UN3077 Environmentally hazardous substances, solid, n.o.s., Hazard class: 9; Labels: 9Miscellaneous hazardous material, Technical Name Required. UN3143 dye intermediates, solid, toxic, n.o.s., Hazard Class: 6.1; Labels: 6.1-Poisonous materials, Technical Name Required.

Purification Methods

The free base is used for the detection of NO3 ions. The diacetate crystallises from aqueous AcOH with m 182o and the sulfoxide, m 184o, forms prisms from EtOH or H2O. [Fuson & Melamed J Org Chem 13 690 I1948, Beilstein 1 3 III 1246, 13, IV 1246.]

Incompatibilities

This material may be combustible. 4,40-Thiodianiline is incompatible with acids, diazo and azo compounds, halocarbons, isocyanates, aldehydes, alkali metals, nitrides, hydrides, and other strong reducing agents. May generate heat with these materials and hydrogen gas or hydrogen sulfide gas. May liberate hydrogen sulfide if heated to decomposition or mixed with an acid. Also incompatible with peroxides, phenols (acidic), epoxides, anhydrides, and acid halides. Light and moisture sensitive

Waste Disposal

It is inappropriate and possibly dangerous to the environment to dispose of expired or waste drugs and pharmaceuticals by flushing them down the toilet or discarding them to the trash. Household quantities of expired or waste pharmaceuticals may be mixed with wet cat litter or coffee grounds, double-bagged in plastic, discard in trash. Larger quantities shall carefully take into consideration applicable DEA, EPA, and FDA regulations. If possible return the pharmaceutical to the manufacturer for proper disposal being careful to properly label and securely package the material. Alternatively, the waste pharmaceutical shall be labeled, securely packaged and transported by a state licensed medical waste contractor to dispose by burial in a licensed hazardous or toxic waste landfill or incinerator.