Hexetidine

Chemical Properties

Liquid.Soluble in methanol, benzene, and petroleum ether; insoluble in water.

Chemical Properties

Hexetidine is a colorless or faint yellow-colored oily liquid with a characteristic amine odor.

Originator

Sterisil,Warner Lambert,US,1956

Uses

Fungicide, bactericide, algicide, antistatic agent for synthetics, insect repellent, medicine (antifungal agent).

Uses

Hexetidine, mixture of stereoisomers is an antibacterial and antifungal agent. Used in plant-derived composite antimicrobial agent and application thereof in cosmetic.

Uses

Involved in studies:

• To identify pure liquid salt forms of aspirin
• Of alkyl based selective displacers for protein purification via ion exchange chromatography
• Of the in vivo application of models for testing drugs against nonreplicating Mycobacterium tuberculosis
• Nutrient-sensitized screening for drugs that shift the energy metabolism from mitochondrial respiration to glycolysis
• Inhibition of angiogensis
• Screening antimalarial drugs

Definition

ChEBI: 1,3-bis(2-ethylhexyl)-5-methyl-1,3-diazinan-5-amine is an organonitrogen heterocyclic compound and an organic heteromonocyclic compound.

Production Methods

Hexetidine is prepared by hydrogenation under pressure of 1,3- bis(2-ethylhexyl)-5-methyl-4-nitrohexahydropyriminine at 100°C using Raney nickel as a catalyst.

Manufacturing Process

Nitroethane and formaldehyde are first reacted to give 2-methyl-2-nitro-1,3- propanediol. This is reacted with 2-ethylhexylamine and formaldehyde to give 5-nitro-1,3-bis(2-ethylhexyl)-5-methyl-hexahydropyrimidine.
To a hydrogenation apparatus containing 500 ml of methanol and 10 g of Raney nickel catalyst were continuously added over a period of one hour, 240 g of 5-nitro-1,3-bis(2-ethylhexyl)-5-methylhexahydropyrimidine. During the one-hour period, the resulting mixture was hydrogenated at approximately 1,000 pounds per square inch utilizing room temperature as the initial temperature and gradually increasing the temperature to about 70°C. At the end of the one-hour period, hydrogenation was stopped. The reaction mixture was first filtered to remove the catalyst and was then distilled at atmospheric pressure at a temperature of 70°C to remove methanol. 197.5 g of 5-amino- 1,3-bis(2-ethylhexyl)-5-methylhexahydropyrimidine were collected.

Therapeutic Function

Antifungal

General Description

The effectiveness of a hexetidine mouthwash in reducing supragingival plaque and gingival inflammation has been examined.

Hazard

Combustible.

Pharmaceutical Applications

Hexetidine is used as an antimicrobial preservative in cosmetics and nonparenteral pharmaceutical formulations. Therapeutically, hexetidine is mainly used as a 0.1% w/v solution in mouthwash formulations for the prevention and treatment of minor local infections, gingivitis, and mouth ulcers.

Safety

Hexetidine is mainly used in mouthwashes as a bactericidal and fungicidal antiseptic. It is also used as an antimicrobial preservative and is generally regarded as a relatively nontoxic and nonirritant material at concentrations up to 0.1% w/v. Allergic contact dermatitis and altered olfactory and taste perception have occasionally been reported. Hexetidine is toxic when administered intravenously.
Solutions of hexetidine in oil at concentrations of 5–10% w/v cause strong primary irritations without sensitization in humans. Long-term toxicological studies of up to 0.1% w/w of hexetidine in food for 1 year do not show any toxic effect. Fetotoxicity, embryotoxicity, and teratogenicity studies in rats of doses up to 50 mg/kg/day exhibit no sign of toxicity.
LD100 (cat, IV): 5–20 mg/kg
LD50 (dog, oral): 1.60 g/kg
LD50 (mouse, IP): 0.142 g/kg
LD50 (mouse, oral): 1.52 g/kg
LD50 (rat, oral): 0.61–1.43 g/kg

storage

Hexetidine is stable and should be stored in a well-closed container in a cool, dry place. Brass and copper equipment should not be used for the handling or storage of hexetidine.

Incompatibilities

Hexetidine is incompatible with strong oxidizing agents. Salts are formed with mineral and organic acids; strong acids cause opening of the hexahydropyrimidine ring, releasing formaldehyde.

Regulatory Status

Included in nonparenteral formulations licensed in Europe.