General Description
Phosphatidylinositol-3, 4, 5-trisphosphate 3-phosphatase and dual-specificity protein phosphatase (PTEN) is a tumor suppressor and a member in the PI3K/PTEN/AKT pathway. PTEN is a phosphatase with dual specificity to slow cell growth and antagonize the growth promoting activities from HER protein kinases. The defects of PTEN, mostly around the C-terminus of PTEN, have been implicated in many human cancers and diseases. Therefore, antibody to the N terminus will not be able to detect most of the PTEN protein loss.
Biochem/physiol Actions
Phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome ten (PTEN) is a tumor suppressor gene. It negatively regulates the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway. PTEN protein might control the growth of cells through its lipid phosphatase activity. The protein tyrosine phosphatase domain of PTEN is known to dephosphorylate serine, threonine, and tyrosine residues. It may also participate in immune modulation. Mutation in the PTEN gene is associated with rare bilateral choroidal ganglioneuroma. Germline mutations in the PTEN gene are observed in Cowden′s syndrome (CS), Lhermitte–Duclos disease (LDD), and Bannayan–Zonana syndrome (BZS).
