Kanamycin sulfate

Description

It has been well known as desirable antibiotics, which shows an obvious curative effect on serious infections caused by gram-negative bacteria such as Escherichia coil, Klebsiella, Proteus, Pneumonia, Enterobacter aerogenes and Shigella. Clinically, this substance is mainly used for infections caused by sensitive bacteria including pulmonary infection, urinary tract infection, biliary tract infection, sepsis, and abdominal cavity infection. For example, the effective antibacterial activity of kanamycin sulfate has been demonstrated by the treatment of acute gonorrheal urethritis in men, showing that a single parenterally administered dose of 2 mg of kanamycin sulfate cured 144 (93%) of 155 men with acute gonorrheal urethritis.¹ Moreover, kanamycin sulfate was found to be a valuable drug in the treatment of serious infections in infants and children through an analysis of 140 cases treated during a two-year period.²

Reference

1. JE Fischnaller; AH Pedersen; AR Ronald; P Bonin; Tronca, E., Kanamycin sulfate in the treatment of acute gonorrheal urethritis in men. The Journal of the American Medical Association 1968, 203, 909-912.
2. MD Yow; Tengg, N., The use of kanamycin sulfate as a therapeutic agent for infants and children. An analysis of 140 cases treated during a two-year period. Journal of Pediatrics 1961, 58, 538-547.

Description

Kanamycin was found by Umezawa et al. in the culture broth of Streptomyces kanamyceticus in 1957. It is produced with other components, kanamycins B (bekanamycin) and C, which are also separated during the purification. The compound shows much lower toxicity than the earlier aminoglycosides, streptomycin and neomycin, and strong activity against a wide range of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, including Mycobacterium. Kanamycin has been used clinically for treatment of such serious infections as dysentery, salmonellosis, and tuberculosis.

Chemical Properties

Off-white powder

Originator

Kantrex,Bristol,US,1958

Uses

Kanamycin sulfate is an antibacterial agent similar to neomycin.

Uses

Antibiotic complex produced by Streptomyces kanamyceticus Okami & Umezawa from Japanese soil. Comprised of three components, kanamycin A, the major component, and kanamycins B and C, two minor congeners. Antibacterial.

Uses

Kanamycin monosulfate, is used as an aminoglycoside antibiotic. Kanamycin can be used as a selection agent in several types of isolation media.Kanamycin sulfate from Streptomyces kanamyceticus has been used in tissue culture media. Kanamycin sulfate can also be used as a selection agent for cells transformed with kanamycin B resistance gene. It is recommended for use in cell culture applications at 100mg/mL.

Definition

A broadspectrum antibiotic.

Manufacturing Process

As described in US Patent 2,931,798, Streptomyces kanamyceticus (K2-J) was first cultured in shake flasks in the following media: (a) 0.75% meat extract, 0.75% peptone, 0.3% NaCl, with 1.0% of starch, dextrin, maltose, glucose, lactose, sucrose or glycerol; or (b) 2.0% soybean meal, 0.05% KCl, 0.05% MgSO4 · 7H2O, 0.5% NaCl, 0.2% NaNO3, with 1.0% of starch, dextrin, maltose, glucose, lactose, sucrose or glycerol. The initial pH of all media was adjusted to 7.0. After 24 to 48 hours shaking in some cases the pH decreased to about 6.0 to 6.8, but from 72 to 120 hours the pH rose and became 7.5 to 8.6. The production of kanamycin was apparent after 48 hours and, depending on the media; the maximum production was found after 72 to 120 hours.
The yield was highest with starch or dextrin, intermediate and about the same with sucrose, glucose, maltose and lactose and poorest with glycerol. Kanamycin was produced by media containing soybean meal, peanut meal, cottonseed meal, corn steep liquor, peptone, yeast extract or meat extract, with or without sodium nitrate. Commercially available soybean meal was recognized to be one of the best nitrogen sources. The addition of corn steep liquor, peptone, yeast extract or nitrate to the soybean meal promoted the production of kanamycin.
The brownish white kanamycin (5 g) was dissolved in 50 ml of 60% aqueous methanol, insoluble material was removed and to the filtrate 40 ml of 60% aqueous methanol containing 2,000 mg of ammonium sulfate was added, and the precipitated kanamycin sulfate was collected, washed with 50 ml of 80% aqueous methanol, and dried. Thus, 4.5 g of kanamycin sulfate was obtained as a light brownish powder.

brand name

Klebcil (King).

Therapeutic Function

Antibacterial

General Description

Kanamycin sulfate is a broad spectrum aminoglycoside-antibiotic derived from Streptomyces kanamyceticus. It is used as an additive in culture media for the isolation of group D streptococci on Kanamycin Esculin Azide Agar and for selection of transformed plant cells containing the neomycin phosphotransferase on a kanamycin-medium. Kanamycin sulfate can also be used as a selection agent for cells transformed with kanamycin B resistance gene. It is recommended for use in cell culture applications at 2 mL/L.

Biological Activity

soluble in water at 50mg/ml recommend our ultra pure, nuclease free water, ab02123 typically used at 100mg/ml for cell culture protect from moisture store: 2-8°c.

Biochem/physiol Actions

Mode of Action: The product acts by binding to the 70S ribosomal subunit, inhibiting translocation and eliciting miscoding. Mode of Resistance:Aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes (including acetyltransferase, phosphotransferase, nucleotidyltransferase) can alter this antibiotic, preventing its interaction with ribosomes.Antimicrobial spectrum: Kanamycin sulfate is effective against gram-negative and gram-postiive bacteria, and mycoplasma.

storage

Room temperature