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Levulinic acid

CAS No.
123-76-2
Chemical Name:
Levulinic acid
Synonyms
LA;4-OXOPENTANOIC ACID;levulinic;LEVA;Laevulinic acid;4-OXOVALERIC ACID;2-KETOVALERIC ACID;PENTANOIC ACID, 4-OXO;levulic acid;Acetylpropionic acid
CBNumber:
CB3213533
Molecular Formula:
C5H8O3
Molecular Weight:
116.12
MDL Number:
MFCD00002796
MOL File:
123-76-2.mol
MSDS File:
SDS
Last updated:2023-12-22 19:40:13

Levulinic acid Properties

Melting point 30-33 °C (lit.)
Boiling point 245-246 °C (lit.)
Density 1.134 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
vapor pressure 1 mm Hg ( 102 °C)
refractive index n20/D 1.439(lit.)
FEMA 2627 | LEVULINIC ACID
Flash point 280 °F
storage temp. Store below +30°C.
solubility 675g/l
form Liquid After Melting
pka pKa 4.65(H2O,t = 25,c=0.03-0.001) (Uncertain)
color Clear yellow
Odor at 100.00 %. sweet caramel acidic acetoin buttery
Odor Type caramellic
Water Solubility Soluble in water ( 675g/L at 20°C).
Sensitive Light Sensitive
Merck 14,5472
JECFA Number 606
BRN 506796
InChIKey JOOXCMJARBKPKM-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP -0.498
Substances Added to Food (formerly EAFUS) LEVULINIC ACID
FDA 21 CFR 172.515
CAS DataBase Reference 123-76-2(CAS DataBase Reference)
EWG's Food Scores 1
FDA UNII RYX5QG61EI
NIST Chemistry Reference Pentanoic acid, 4-oxo-(123-76-2)
EPA Substance Registry System Levulinic acid (123-76-2)

SAFETY

Risk and Safety Statements

Symbol(GHS)  GHS hazard pictogramsGHS hazard pictograms
GHS05,GHS07
Signal word  Danger
Hazard statements  H302-H317-H318
Precautionary statements  P261-P264-P280-P301+P312-P302+P352-P305+P351+P338
Hazard Codes  Xn,C
Risk Statements  22-36/37/38-34-R34-R22
Safety Statements  26-45-36/37/39-S45-S36/37/39-S26
RIDADR  3261
WGK Germany  3
RTECS  OI1575000
TSCA  Yes
HazardClass  8
PackingGroup  III
HS Code  29183000
Toxicity LD50 orally in Rabbit: 1850 mg/kg LD50 dermal Rabbit > 5000 mg/kg
NFPA 704
1
3 1

Levulinic acid price More Price(42)

Manufacturer Product number Product description CAS number Packaging Price Updated Buy
Sigma-Aldrich W262706 Levulinic Acid ≥97%, FG 123-76-2 1kg $76.4 2024-03-01 Buy
Sigma-Aldrich W262706 Levulinic Acid ≥97%, FG 123-76-2 5kg $258 2024-03-01 Buy
Sigma-Aldrich W262706 Levulinic Acid ≥97%, FG 123-76-2 10Kg $307 2024-03-01 Buy
Sigma-Aldrich W262706 Levulinic Acid ≥97%, FG 123-76-2 25kg $589 2024-03-01 Buy
Sigma-Aldrich W262701 Levulinic Acid natural, 99%, FG 123-76-2 100g $60.9 2024-03-01 Buy
Product number Packaging Price Buy
W262706 1kg $76.4 Buy
W262706 5kg $258 Buy
W262706 10Kg $307 Buy
W262706 25kg $589 Buy
W262701 100g $60.9 Buy

Levulinic acid Chemical Properties,Uses,Production

Chemical Properties

White flake crystals, hygroscopic. clear yellowish liquid after melting.It is easily soluble in water and alcohol, ether organic solvents.
Levulinic acid
Levulinic acid conventionally is derived from refined petroleum but technological advances now permit the production of levulinic acid from biomass. Suitable feedstocks from the forest industry include pulp and paper mill residues, sawmill and logging residues, and solid municipal waste. It takes approximately 2 kg of cellulose to produce 1 kg of levulinic acid (US Department of Energy 1998). Obtaining enough raw materials to support the production of levulinic acid from biomass is not a foreseeable concern; Canada currently produces over 75 million tonnes of logging residues annually which, in turn, could produce 19 million tonnes of levulinic acid.

Uses

Levulinic acid is a biomass product and its derivatives, such as ethyl levulinate and alkyl levulinate, can be used as fuel additives.
levulinic acid is used for calcium levulinate in pharmaceuticals, as esters in solvents and plasticizers, and for making valerolactone. As its uses expand, it will probably be made from cellulosic wastes. Mesitonic acid, a homolog of levulinic acid is obtained by boiing mesityl oxide with KCN.
Hydrogenation of levulinic acid can produce other useful chemicals. Valeric-g-lactone, which is an effective solvent with extensive uses, can be obtained in very high yields. This compound may be hydrogenated to 1,4-pentandiol, which upon dehydration yields 1,3-pentadine (piperylene). Piperylene is known to polymerize to a rubbery mass and is therefore a source of synthetic rubber (Ghorpade and Hanna 1997).
Levulinic acid is a precursor for the synthesis of useful intermediates such as γ-valerolactone, ethyl levulinate, pentanoic acid and 2-methyl-tetrahydrofuran. Derivatization and esterification of levulinic acid results in potential biofuels.
It can also be used in:
The preparation of catalytic composite to synthesize 5-hydroxymethylfurfural and furfural.
The synthesis of a commercial fragrance, fraistone.
The synthesis of pyrrolidone derivatives via reductive amination.
The total synthesis of mycobacterial arabinogalactan.

Application

It can be used as the raw materials of medicine, spices and paint, and used as solvent.
This product has wide applications. Levulinic acid can be used as both a carboxylic acid and can also be used as a ketone for reaction for making various kinds of products through esterification, halogenation, hydrogenation, oxidation dehydrogenation, condensation, etc., including resins, pharmaceuticals, spices, solvents, rubber and plastic additives, lubricants additives, surfactants and so on. In the pharmaceutical industry, its calcium salt (calcium fructose) can be used for intravenous injection. As a nutritional medicine, it helps to boost the formation of bone and maintain the normal excitability of nerves and muscles. It can also used for the production of indomethacin and plant hormones. Levulinic acid manufactured bisphenol acid can be made of water-soluble resin, used in the paper industry to produce filter paper. Levulinic acid is also an intermediate of pesticides and dyes.
Used for biochemical reagents, but also for organic synthesis
It can be used as an important chemical raw material or solvents. It can be used for the manufacturing of medicine (intravenous injection, indomethacin, etc.), resin (bisphenol acid water-soluble resin), spices (spices or tobacco spices), paint, paint, pesticides, and surfactants.
It can be used for biochemical research; manufacturing of esters and drugs. It is also the inhibitor of chlorophyll synthesis.

Preparation

The residue during the manufacturing of furfural with cotton seed shell or corncob sugar (furfural residue) or waste taro residue, through pressured hydrolysis with dilute acid, can be used to produce levulinic acid. The furfural residue was added to 10% dilute hydrochloric acid, the solidified solution was 1: 1.75, mixed and put into the hydrolysis pot, steamed at a pressure of 0.2MPa for 8-10 h. The diluted solution is then filtered and concentrated to a concentration of about 50%. It is further subject to vacuum distillation for collecting the fraction above 130 ℃ (2.67kPa) to obtain the finished product. Raw material consumption quota: potato tacar 7,000 kg/t, hydrochloric acid (fold 100%) 1800kg/t. Another method is manufacturing through the rearrangement and hydrolysis of sugar alcohol.
4% hydrochloric acid solution was added to the reaction pot, stir and heat to 97-100 ℃, slowly add the mixture of furfuryl alcohol, ethanol and water. After addition, stir 30 min. The filtrate was concentrated at 80 ° C (21.3 kPa) under reduced pressure to give crude levulinic acid. Then apply vacuum distillation, collect the fraction of 160-170 ° C (2.67kPa), and then re-distill once, to obtain the refined levulinic acid with the yield of about 75%.

Content analysis

Accurately weigh about 1.0 g of the sample, and put it into a 250ml Erlenmeyer flask containing 75~100ml water, add phenolphthalein test solution; apply 0.5 mol/L sodium hydroxide for titration to until it began to appear pink and maintain 15 s. Each mL of 0.5mol/L sodium hydroxide solution is equivalent to 58.08mg of the goods.

Toxicity

GRAS (FEMA).

Usage limit

FEMA (mg/kg): Beverage, cold drink, 14.0; Candy, baked goods, 53.0; Gelatin, pudding, 4.0.
FDA, §172.515 (2000): take proper amount as limit.

Description

Levulinic acid has a tart, whiskey taste. It may be synthesized by the action of more or less concentrated HCL on sucrose, glucose, or fructose; hence, its reported presence in caramels.

Chemical Properties

Levulinic acid has a tart, whiskey taste.

Physical properties

Levulinic acid forms colorless crystals that are readily soluble in water, ethanol, and diethyl ether. 

Occurrence

Reported found in papaya, wheat bread, rice, sake and Chinese quince.

Uses

Levulinic acid may be used as an analytical reference standard for the quantification of the analyte in the following:
Soy sauce using liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (LC–MS).
Liquid food samples using gas chromatography with flame ionization detection (GC-FID).

Uses

Replenisher (calcium).

Uses

Levulinic acid is a precursor for the synthesis of useful intermediates such as γ-valerolactone, ethyl levulinate, pentanoic acid and 2-methyl-tetrahydrofuran. Derivatization and esterification of levulinic acid results in potential biofuels.
It can also be used in:
The preparation of catalytic composite to synthesize 5-hydroxymethylfurfural and furfural.
The synthesis of a commercial fragrance, fraistone.
The synthesis of pyrrolidone derivatives via reductive amination.
The total synthesis of mycobacterial arabinogalactan.

Preparation

By action of more or less concentrated HCl on sucrose, glucose or fructose; hence, its reported presence in caramels.

Definition

ChEBI: 4-oxopentanoic acid is an oxopentanoic acid with the oxo group in the 4-position. It has a role as a plant metabolite. It is a straight-chain saturated fatty acid and an oxopentanoic acid. It is a conjugate acid of a 4-oxopentanoate.

Taste threshold values

Taste characteristics at 70 ppm: acidic, sweet, creamy and slight dairy.

Synthesis Reference(s)

Tetrahedron Letters, 30, p. 5329, 1989 DOI: 10.1016/S0040-4039(01)93778-5

General Description

Levulinic acid, an organic acid, is mainly used as a cigarette additive.

539-88-8
123-76-2
Synthesis of Levulinic acid from Ethyl levulinate
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View Lastest Price from Levulinic acid manufacturers

Image Update time Product Price Min. Order Purity Supply Ability Manufacturer
Levulinic acid pictures 2024-03-19 Levulinic acid
123-76-2
US $5.00 / KG 1KG ≥99% 2000mt/year Jinan Finer Chemical Co., Ltd
Levulinic acid pictures 2024-03-13 Levulinic acid
123-76-2
US $100.00 / kg 1kg 99% 10t Zibo Wei Bin Import & Export Trade Co. Ltd.
Levulinic acid pictures 2023-12-23 Levulinic acid
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US $50.00-1.00 / KG 1KG 99% g-kg-tons, free sample is available Henan Fengda Chemical Co., Ltd
  • Levulinic acid pictures
  • Levulinic acid
    123-76-2
  • US $5.00 / KG
  • ≥99%
  • Jinan Finer Chemical Co., Ltd
  • Levulinic acid pictures
  • Levulinic acid
    123-76-2
  • US $100.00 / kg
  • 99%
  • Zibo Wei Bin Import & Export Trade Co. Ltd.
  • Levulinic acid pictures
  • Levulinic acid
    123-76-2
  • US $50.00-1.00 / KG
  • 99%
  • Henan Fengda Chemical Co., Ltd
usafcz-1 Valeric acid, 4-oxo- Valeric acid, 4-oxo-(levulinic acid) β-acetylpropionicacid Levulinic acid, 98+% 100GR 4-Ozovaleric Acid Levulinic acid for synthesis LEVULINIC ACID FOR SYNTHESIS 500 G LEVULINIC ACID FOR SYNTHESIS 100 G 4-Oxopentanoic acid 4-Oxovaleric acid 3-Acetylpropionic Acid 4-Oxo-n-valeric Acid 3-Acetylpropionic Acid 4-Oxovaleric Acid Levulinic acid 98% laevulinic acid, AR,99.0% 1-CARBOXY-3-BUTANONE BETA-ACETYLPROPIONIC ACID FEMA 2627 G-KETOVALERIC ACID GAMMA-KETOVALERIC ACID LEVULINIC ACID Levulinic acid, 98+% LEVULINIC ACID(RG) 4-Ketopentanoic acid Levulinic acid,(4-Ketopentanoic acid Levulinic Acid 4-Oxopentanoic acid 4-Oxovaleric acid LEVULINIC ACID 97+% LEVULINIC ACID FREE ACID Pentanoic acid, 4-oxo- (9CI) BETA-ACETOPROPIONIC ACID 4-KETOVALERIC ACID 4-OXOVALERIANIC ACID 4-OXO-N-VALERIC ACID 3-ACETYLPROPIONIC ACID 3-ACETYLPROPIONIC ACID BETA AKOS BBS-00003797 2-Acetopropionicacid 4-Keto-n-valericacid 4-Oxo-pentanoic acid (levulinic acid) 4-oxo-pentanoicaci 4-oxovaleric 4-oxo-valericaci 4-Oxpentanoicacid 3-acetyl-propionicaci 3-Keto-n-velericacid 4-Oxopentanoic acid, 4-Oxovaleric acid Acetopropionic acid acetopropionicacid Acetylpropionicacid -Acetylpropionicacid Centopropionic acid Laevulic acid laevulicacid Propionic acid, 3-acetyl- USAF cz-1 LevulinicAcid> Levulinic Acid,99% LEVULENIC ACID Levulinic acid (4-Oxovaleric acid) β-Acetylpropionic acid