テトラヒドロカンナビノール 化学特性,用途語,生産方法
解説
テトラヒドロカンナビノール，無色の粘ちゅうな液体．沸点155～157 ℃(6.6 Pa)．n
D201.5432．[α]
D20－156°(エタノール)．水に不溶，有機溶媒に可溶．植物から得られるものは Δ1-3,4-trans体で，二重結合は酸によって容易に Δ6-位に異性化する．動物体内で代謝されて二重結合位にヒドロキシ基が導入され，それらの酸化されたものが麻薬作用の本体であることが判明している．
製法
テトラヒドロカンナビノール略称THC．インドアサCannabis sativa var. indicaの未熟果穂から得られる樹脂中に存在する麻薬の有効成分．
効能
制吐薬, カンナビノイド受容体作動薬
説明
Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is the main active compound in marijuana. It comes from the
plant Cannabis sativa (cannabis), which is a dioecious (monoecious varieties do exist) annual
herb naturally found in many tropic and temperate regions of the world. Many varieties of
cannabis exist, and two related species (Cannabis indica and Cannabis ruderalia) are main
sources of THC. Cannabis sativa is also known as hemp, although this name is not unique to
the species; its stem is a source of fiber that has been used throughout history for hundreds
of applications including rope, twine, paper, and cloth. Hemp seeds are edible and high in
protein. The seeds are also a source of fatty oil that can be used for food, cosmetics, medicines,
and as a fuel source. Cannabis contains chemicals called cannabinoids; of the 60 cannabinoids
found in Cannabis, one is THC, , which is the psychoactive ingredient in marijuana.
Marijuana is produced from the leaves and fl owers of cannabis, and hashish is a resin collected
from the female fl owers. The THC content, which determines the effect of cannabis drugs,
varies with plant structure, variety, and preparation. Buds and fl owers specifically cultivated
for drug use have greater THC content than leaves. THC content may vary from a few tenths
of a percent to more than 10%, but good quality marijuana has a THC content of approximately
10%, and good hashish and hashish oils generally have THC contents between 30%
and 80%.
化学的特性
Thick Brown Oil
来歴
THC was first isolated from hashish in 1964 by Raphael Mechoulam (1930–) and Yehiel
Gaoni at the Weizmann Institute. In the
early 1990s, the specific brain receptors affected by THC were identified. These receptors
are activated by a cannabinoid neurotransmitter called arachidonylethanolamide, known as
anandamide. Anandamide was named by Mechoulam using ananda, which is the Sanskrit
word for ecstasy. Anandamide is thought to be associated with memory, pain, depression, and
appetite. THC is able to attach to and activate anandamide receptors. These receptors are actually
called THC receptors rather than anandamide receptors because researchers discovered
that THC attaches to these receptors before anandamide was discovered. The areas of the brain
with the most THC receptors are the cerebellum, the cerebral cortex, and the limbic system.
This is why marijuana affects thinking, memory, sensory perception, and coordination.
使用
It is the principal active constituent of cannabis. Agonist at CB1 and CB2 cannabinoid receptors. Antiemetic; appetite stimulant. Controlled substance (hallucinogen).
定義
ChEBI: A diterpenoid that is 6a,7,8,10a-tetrahydro-6H-benzo[c]chromene substituted at position 1 by a hydroxy group, positions 6, 6 and 9 by methyl groups and at position 3 by a pentyl group. The principal psychoactive constituent
f the cannabis plant, it is used for treatment of anorexia associated with AIDS as well as nausea and vomiting associated with cancer chemotherapy.
一般的な説明
Brown amorphous semi-solid, viscous oil or chunky golden yellow solid.
空気と水の反応
Slightly soluble in water.
反応プロフィール
DELTA9-TETRAHYDROCANNABINOLis very unstable to light and high temperatures. DELTA9-TETRAHYDROCANNABINOL should be protected from air during all handling due to its extreme instability. . Flammable and/or toxic gases are generated by the combination of alcohols with alkali metals, nitrides, and strong reducing agents. They react with oxoacids and carboxylic acids to form esters plus water. Oxidizing agents convert them to aldehydes or ketones. Alcohols exhibit both weak acid and weak base behavior. They may initiate the polymerization of isocyanates and epoxides.
火災危険
Flash point data for DELTA9-TETRAHYDROCANNABINOL are not available; however, DELTA9-TETRAHYDROCANNABINOL is probably combustible.
生物活性
Cannabinoid receptor agonist (K i values are 5.05 and 3.13 nM for CB 1 and CB 2 receptors respectively; EC 50 values are 6, 0.4 and 8 nM at CB 1 , CB 2 and GPR55 receptors respectively). Major psychoactive constituent of marijuana.
臨床応用
Dronabinol (synthetic △9-THC) i s a n antinauseant approved for the treatment of nausea and vomiting associated with cancer chemotherapy in patients who have failed to respond adequately to conventional antiemetics. A related cannabinoid, nabilone, was introduced in Canada for his indication in 1982.
安全性プロファイル
Poison by intraperitoneal and intravenous routes. Moderately toxic by ingestion. Experimental reproductive effects. Questionable carcinogen with experimental tumorigenic and teratogenic data. Human mutation data reported. A hallucinatory drug. When heated to decomposition it emits acrid smoke and irritating fumes. See also CANNABIS.
テトラヒドロカンナビノール 上流と下流の製品情報
原材料
準備製品