ファムシクロビル 化学特性,用途語,生産方法
外観
白色～ほとんど白色粉末～結晶
効能
抗ウイルス薬, DNAポリメラーゼ阻害薬
商品名
ファムビル (旭化成ファーマ)
説明
Famciclovir, an effective oral prodrug of the antiviral penciclovir, was launched in
the UK and shortly after in the U.S.A. for the treatment of shingles (herpes
zoster). As the diacetyl ester of the 6-deoxy- penciclovir, famciclovir has
significantly improved oral absorption. It is converted to penciclovir in vivo with a
bioavailability of 41 % in rats. Penciclovir is phosphorylated, and hence activated
onty in herpesvirus infected cells. This stable metabolite, penciclovir-triphosphate,
is a strong inhibitor of herpesvirus DNA polymerases and of viral DNA synthesis with
long lasting effects. The high selectivity of famciclovir/penciclovir to herpes family
of viruses and their rather low toxicity may make this agent superior to other existing
drugs.
化学的特性
Off-White Powder
使用
sterol absorption inhibitor.
Famciclovir (Famvir) a synthetic acyclic purine analog derived from guanine. It is the diacetyl ester (prodrug) of penciclovir, which exhibits no antiviral activity until hydrolyzed to penciclovir and its active metabolites. It is indicated for the management of acute herpes zoster infections. It has been shown to relieve acute symptoms as well as to shorten the duration of postherpetic neuralgia. It is also used for the treatment or suppression of recurrent episodes of genital herpes in immunocompetent patients and in the treatment of recurrent herpes simplex types 1 and 2 infections in patients with human immunodeficiency virus.
定義
ChEBI: 2-Amino-9H-purine in which the hydrogen at position 9 is substituted by a 4-acetoxy-3-(acetoxymethyl)but-1-yl group. A prodrug of the antiviral penciclovir, it is used for the treatment of acute herpes zoster (shingles), for the treatmen
or suppression of recurrent genital herpes in immunocompetent patients and for the treatment of recurrent mucocutaneous herpes simplex infections in HIV infected patients.
適応症
Famciclovir (Famvir) is the diacetyl ester prodrug of the
acyclic guanosine analogue 6-deoxypenciclovir (Denavir).
一般的な説明
Famciclovir is a diacetyl prodrug of penciclovir.As a prodrug,it lacks antiviral activity. Penciclovir, 9-[4-hydroxy-3-hydroxymethylbut-1-yl] guanine, is an acyclic guanine nucleoside analog. The structure is similar to that of acyclovir,except in penciclovir, a side chain oxygen has beenreplaced by a carbon atom and an extra hydroxymethylgroup is present.
VSV-infected cells, penciclovir is first phosphorylated byviral thymidine kinase41 and then further elaborated to thetriphosphate by host cell kinases. Penciclovir triphosphate isa competitive inhibitor of viral DNA polymerase. The pharmacokineticparameters of penciclovir are quite different fromthose of acyclovir. Although penciclovir triphosphate is about100-fold less potent in inhibiting viral DNA polymerase thanacyclovir triphosphate, it is present in the tissues for longerperiods and in much higher concentrations than acyclovir.
作用機序
Famciclovir is a synthetic purine nucleoside analogue related to guanine. It is the
diacetyl 6-deoxy ester of penciclovir, which is structurally related to ganciclovir. Its pharmacological and
microbiological activities are similar to those of acyclovir. Famciclovir is a prodrug of penciclovir, which
is formed in vivo by hydrolysis of the acetyl groups and oxidation at the 6-position by mixed function
oxidases. Penciclovir and its metabolite penciclovir triphosphate possess antiviral activity resulting from
inhibition of viral DNA polymerase.
薬物動態学
Famciclovir can be given with or without food. The most common adverse effects are headache and GI
disturbances. Concomitant use of famciclovir with probenecid results in increased plasma concentrations
of penciclovir. The recommended dose of famciclovir is 500 mg every 8 hours for 7 days. The absolute
bioavailability of famciclovir is 77%, and the area under plasma concentration–time curve (AUC) is 86
μg/mL. Famciclovir with digoxin increased plasma concentration of digoxin to 19% as compared to digoxin
given alone.
薬理学
Famciclovir (Famvir) undergoes extensive first-pass metabolism to penciclovir
after oral administration. Penciclovir is another nucleoside analog that has a
mechanism of action similar to that of acyclovir. Compared with oral acyclovir,
famciclovir has improved bioavailability as well as a significantly prolonged
intracellular half-life, allowing for less frequent dosing.
Valacyclovir and famciclovir
are similar in their high absorption, bioavailability, renal elimination,
minimal drug interaction profiles, safety profiles, and efficacy.
臨床応用
Famciclovir is indicated for the treatment of acute
herpes zoster (shingles); it is at least as effective in reducing
pain and healing time. Famciclovir is generally as
effective as acyclovir in the treatment of HSV. In immunocompetent
patients, famciclovir is approved for
the treatment and prophylaxis of recurrent genital herpes.
For HIV-infected individuals, famciclovir is approved
for the treatment of all recurrent mucocutaneous
HSV infections.
副作用
Famciclovir may interact with probenecid or other
drugs eliminated by renal tubular secretion. This interaction
may result in increased blood levels of penciclovir
or other agents.
ファムシクロビル 上流と下流の製品情報
原材料
準備製品