1,2-ジクロロプロパン 化学特性,用途語,生産方法
外観
無色～わずかにうすい黄色, 澄明の液体
溶解性
水にわずかに可溶。多くの有機溶媒に可溶。可燃性であるが引火性は少ない。エタノール及びアセトンに極めて溶けやすく、水にわずかに溶ける。
解説
1,2-ジクロロプロパン,プロパンの水素原子二つが塩素原子で置換された化合物。クロロホルム様の臭気をもつ。無色の液体。テトラクロロエチレンやトリクロロエチレンなどの原料のほか、金属洗浄剤、有機溶剤として利用される。化学式C3H6Cl2 二塩化プロピレン。
用途
油脂の溶剤、ドライクリーニング、殺線虫剤の原料。
用途
金属用洗浄剤,油脂?樹脂?ゴム?ワックス?アスファルト溶剤,ドライクリーニング用溶剤,四塩化炭素?テトラクロロエチレン合成原料
化学的特性
colourless liquid
物理的性質
Clear, colorless liquid with a sweet, chloroform-like odor. The average least detectable odor
threshold concentration in water at 60 °C was 0.10 mg/L (Alexander et al., 1982). Experimentally
determined detection and recognition odor threshold concentrations were 1.2 mg/m
3 (260 ppb
v)
and 2.4 mg/m
3 (520 ppb
v), respectively (Hellman and Small, 1974).
使用
1,2-Dichloropropane is a byproduct in the production of epichlorohydrin (E582310), an important industrial chemical, is a bifunctional alkylating agent with the potential to form DNA cross-links.
一般的な説明
Colorless watery liquid with a sweet odor. Sinks in water. Produces an irritating vapor.
空気と水の反応
Highly flammable. Insoluble in water.
反応プロフィール
1,2-Dichloropropane reacts with strong oxidizers and strong acids. 1,2-Dichloropropane also reacts with aluminum. When confined, this reaction can lead to an explosion. 1,2-Dichloropropane is incompatible with bases and aluminum alloys. 1,2-Dichloropropane will attack some forms of plastics, rubber and coatings.
危険性
Flammable, dangerous fire risk, explosive
limits in air 3.4–14.5%. Toxic by ingestion and
inhalation. Upper respiratory tract irritant and body
weight effects. Questionable carcinogen.
健康ハザード
Contact with skin or eyes may cause irriation.
火災危険
Special Hazards of Combustion Products: Toxic and irritating gases may be generated.
化学反応性
Reactivity with Water No reaction; Reactivity with Common Materials: No reaction; Stability During Transport: Stable; Neutralizing Agents for Acids and Caustics: Not pertinent; Polymerization: Not pertinent; Inhibitor of Polymerization: Not pertinent.
安全性プロファイル
Suspected carcinogen
with experimental carcinogenic data. Moderately toxic by inhalation and
ingestion. Mddly toxic by skin contact. An
eye irritant. Mutation data reported. Can
cause liver, kidney, and heart damage. Can
cause dermatitis. One of the more toxic
chlorinated hydrocarbons. A suggested
order of increasing toxicity is
dichloromethane, trichloroethylene, carbon
tetrachloride, dichloropropane,
dichloroethane. Animals exposed to hgh
concentrations often showed marked
visceral congestion, fatty degeneration of the
liver, kidney, and, less frequently, of the
heart. They also showed areas of coagulation
and necrosis of the liver. There was found
to be a heavy mortality among mice exposed
to 400 ppm concentrations.
A flammable liquid and very dangerous
fire hazard when exposed to heat or flame.
Reacts with aluminum to form aluminum
chloride. This reaction, when confined, can
lead to explosion. Can react vigorously with
oxidizing materials. To fight fire, use water,
foam, CO2, dry chemical. When heated to
decomposition it emits toxic fumes of Cl-.
See also CHLORINATED
HYDROCARBONS , ALIPH AT1 C
職業ばく露
Dichloropropane is used as a chemical
intermediate in perchloroethylene and carbon tetrachloride
synthesis, and as a lead scavenger for antiknock fluids. It is
also used as a solvent for fats, oils, waxes, gums and resins;
and in solvent mixtures for cellulose esters and ethers.
Other applications include the use of dichloropropane; as a
fumigant, alone and in combination with dichloropropane,
as a scouring compound; and a metal degreasing agent.
It is also used as an insecticidal fumigant
発がん性
The EPA states, “This substance
has not undergone a complete evaluation and determination
under US EPA’s IRIS program for evidence of
human carcinogenicity potential.”
An epidemiological study of 71 Italian florists, who
were found to have used an average of 162 kg/year of 1,2-
dichloropropane, showed that the mean frequency of peripheral
lymphocyte micronuclei for the florists was higher than the mean for 75 controls, but these findings are questionable.
An oral cancer bioassay conducted in rats and mice by
NTP, concluded that there was “some evidence of
carcinogenicity in both male and female mice based on
incidences of liver tumors (primarily adenomas, equivocal
evidence of carcinogenicity in female rats based on mammary
gland adenocarcinomas and no evidence of carcinogenicity
in male rats.” Additional detail is provided below.
Propylene dichloride was fed by gavage to rats and mice,
5 days/week for 103 weeks. Dosageswere 0 (corn oil controls),
125, and 250 mg/kg for mice and 0, 62, and 125 mg/kg for
rats. Survival was reduced in high-dose female rats and
mice (possibly due to infection in female mice). Body weight
was reduced in high-dose rats of both sexes, and clear-cell
changes and necrosis of the livers were found in high-dose
female rats. The investigators concluded that dose-related
increases were observed for adenomas of the liver in both
male (control, 7/50; low dose, 10/50; high dose, 17/50) and
female mice. The increase in the frequency
of liver carcinomas supported the evidence that there was a
neoplastic response in the mouse liver for both sexes (males:
11/50, 17/50, 16/50; females: 1/50, 3/50, 4/50). Hepatocytomegaly
and hepatic necrosis were increased in male mice,
but not in female mice.
代謝経路
1,2-Dichloropropane is quite stable to hydrolytic and microbial degradation
in soils. It is metabolised rapidly and extensively in animals via
a combination of gluthathione conjugation, reductive dechlorination,
hydrolytic displacement of the halogen and oxidation and hydroxylation
reactions (Scheme 1).
輸送方法
UN1279 1,2-Dichloropropane, Hazard Class: 3;
Labels: 3-Flammable liquid.
純化方法
Distil the propane from CaH2. It has a limited shelf life. [Beilstein 1 IV 195.]
不和合性
May form explosive mixture with air.
May accumulate static electrical charges, and may cause
ignition of its vapors. Contact with strong oxidizers,
powdered aluminum may cause fire and explosion hazard.
Strong acids can cause decomposition and the formation
of hydrogen chloride vapors. Reacts with strong bases;
o-dichlorobenzene, 1,2-dichloroethane. Corrosive to aluminum and its alloys. Attacks some plastics, rubber, and
coatings.
廃棄物の処理
Incineration, preferably after
mixing with another combustible fuel. Care must be exercised to assure complete combustion to prevent the formation of phosgene. An acid scrubber is necessary to remove
the halo acids produced. Consult with environmental
regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal
practices. Generators of waste containing this contaminant
(≧100 kg/mo) must conform with EPA regulations governing storage, transportation, treatment, and waste disposal.
1,2-ジクロロプロパン 上流と下流の製品情報
原材料
準備製品