ヨードトリメチルシラン 化学特性,用途語,生産方法
外観
無色～褐色透明液体
解説
trimethylsilyl iodide．C3H9ISi(200.10)．(CH3)3SiI．ヘキサメチルジシロキサンとヨウ化アルミニウムとの反応，あるいはヘキサメチルジシランのヨウ素による切断で得られる．無色の液体．沸点106～107 ℃．d204 1.470．n20D 1.474．ヨードトリメチルシランは，加水分解を受けやすく，光に不安定である．窒素雰囲気中で銅粉を入れて貯蔵する．エステルやほかのハロゲン化アルキルのヨウ化アルキルへの変換，エーテル結合の切断など有機試薬として用いられる．森北出版「化学辞典（第2版）
化学的特性
Straw liquid
主な応用
Iodotrimethylsilane can be used as a versatile reagent for the mild dealkylation of ethers, carboxylic esters, lactones, carbamates, acetals, phosphonate and phosphate esters; cleavage of epoxides, cyclopropyl ketones; conversion of vinyl phosphates to vinyl iodides; neutral nucleophilic reagent for halogen exchange reactions, carbonyl and conjugate addition reactions; use as a trimethylsilylating agent for formation of enol ethers, silyl imino esters, and N-silylenamines, alkyl, alkenyl and alkynyl silanes; Lewis acid catalyst for acetal formation, α- alkoxymethylation of ketones, for reactions of acetals with silyl enol ethers and allylsilanes; reducing agent for epoxides, enediones, α-ketols, sulfoxides, and sulfonyl halides; dehydrating agent for oximes.
製造方法
Iodotrimethylsilane is prepared by mixing equimolar amounts of chlorotrimethylsilane and sodium iodide in acetonitrile, reduces various benzylic alcohols to the corresponding phenylalkanes. Other have been reported for the preparation of Trimethylsilyl Iodide(TMS-I): chlorotrimethylsilane undergoes halogen exchange with either lithium iodide in CHCl3 or sodium iodide in MeCN, which allows in situ reagent formation. Alternatively, hexamethyldisilane reacts with iodine at 25–61°C to afford TMS-I with no byproducts.
反応性
Trimethylsilyl iodide reacts under mild conditions in the absence of a catalyst with alkyl fluorides as well as with benzyl and tertiary alkyl chlorides and bromides to give good yields of alkyl iodides and the corresponding trimethylsilyl halides.
一般的な説明
Iodotrimethylsilane is a multipurpose reagent used in various organic reactions. It is used for the dealkylation of few compounds like lactones, ethers, acetals, and carbamates and trimethylsilylating agent for the synthesis of silyl imino esters, alkyl and alkenyl silanes, etc. It also acts as a Lewis acid catalyst and as a reducing agent in many organic reactions.
合成
This procedure describes a convenient method for the preparation of Iodotrimethylsilane: A 250-ml., two-necked, round-bottomed flask equipped with a magnetic stirring bar, an addition funnel for solids, and a reflux condenser bearing a nitrogen inlet is charged with 5.6 g. (0.21 mole) of aluminum powder and 16.2 g. (0.100 mole) of hexamethyldisiloxane and purged with nitrogen. The mixture is stirred and heated with an oil bath at 60°C as 50.8 g. (0.200 mole) of iodine is added slowly through the addition funnel over 55 minutes. The bath temperature is raised to ca. 140°C, and the mixture is heated under reflux for 1.5 hours. The reflux condenser is removed, and the flask is equipped for distillation at atmospheric pressure. The bath temperature is gradually raised from 140°C to 210°C, and the clear, colorless distillate is collected, yielding 32.6–35.3 g. (82–88%) of iodotrimethylsilane, b.p. 106–109°C.
純化方法
Add a little antimony powder and fractionate with this powder in the still. 20 1.470. Stabilise the distillate with 1% wt of Cu powder. [Eaborn J Chem Soc 3077 1950, Beilstein 4 IV 4009.]
ヨードトリメチルシラン 上流と下流の製品情報
原材料
準備製品