苦扁桃油 化学特性,用途語,生産方法
定義
本品は、ビターアーモンド Prunus amygdalus amara の核から得られる精油である。
解説
苦扁桃の種子から油をとった絞りかすを発酵させたものを蒸留して得る無色の液体。主成分はベンズアルデヒド。飲料・菓子・化粧品などの香料に用いる。
小学館 デジタル大辞泉について 情報 | 凡例
化粧品の成分用途
香料、香味剤
製法
水浸したクヘントウの種子を砕いたものを水蒸気蒸留して得られる油苦扁桃油。
化学的特性
Bitter almond oil (free from hydrogen cyanide) contains benzaldehyde as its
main component. Benzaldehyde does not occur as such in the plant, but is formed,
together with hydrogen cyanide, by the hydrolytic cleavage of the glycoside amygdalin.
Amygdalin is present in bitter almonds, the seeds of Prunus dulcis var. amara
(DC.) Buchheim, and ripe apricot kernels, Prunus armeniaca L. (Rosaceae).The
press cake, which remains after removal of the fatty oils, is macerated with water
and left to stand for several hours, after which the “essential oil” is separated
by steam distillation. The crude oil contains 2–4% hydrogen cyanide, which
is removed by washing with alkaline solutions of iron(II) salts. Subsequent
redistillation yields an oil free from hydrogen cyanide. It is a colorless to slightly
yellow liquid with an intense, almond-like, cherry aroma and a slightly astringent, mild taste.
d
2525 1.025–1.065; n
20D 1.5350–1.5550; acid value: max. 8; solubility: 1 vol inmax.
6 vol 50% ethanol. HCN content: <0.01%; benzaldehyde content by GC: min. 98%.
Bitter almond oil is used almost exclusively in natural aroma compositions.
物理的性質
Oil intended for use as a flavor ingredient is treated to remove traces of HCN by precipitation
as insoluble calcium ferrocyanide.
精油の成分
Bitter almond oil is obtained by first cold-expressing the fixed oils from the comminuted kernels, after
which the press-cake is macerated in about 10 parts of water for 12 to 20 hours to effect the enzymatic hydrolysis of amygdalin. The
mixture is then steam distilled to yield about 0.5 to 0.7% of the essential oil. Bitter almonds are rarely used because the yield of oil
is only 0.6%. Apricot kernels yield 1.2% of oil and are the preferred starting material. The major components of the oil are typically
97.5% benzaldehyde (bitter almond) and 2% hydrogen cyanide (bitter almond).
苦扁桃油 上流と下流の製品情報
原材料
準備製品