エンフルラン 化学特性,用途語,生産方法
解説
エンフルレン，麻酔導入，覚醒が遅く，代謝産物が腎臓障害を起こす欠点がある。(4)エンフルレンenflurane 1960年代にアメリカで開発された。麻酔作用は強力で，導入，覚醒は速い。
株式会社平凡社 世界大百科事典 第２版について | 情報
用途
吸入麻酔薬
効能
吸入麻酔薬
化学的特性
Enflurane is a clear, colorless liquid that easily
turns into a nonflammable gas. Mild, sweet odor
使用
Clinical anesthetic.
定義
ChEBI: An ether in which the oxygen atom is connected to 2-chloro-1,1,2-trifluoroethyl and difluoromethyl groups.
一般的な説明
Enflurane is a volatile liquid (bp＝56.5°C) with a blood:gas partition coefficient of 1.8 and an MAC of 1.68%.Approximately 2% to 8% of the drug is metabolized primarilyat the chlorofluoromethyl carbon. Little chlorofluoroaceticacid is produced suggesting minor metabolism at thedifluoromethyl carbon. Difluoromethoxydifluoroacetate andfluoride ion have been reported as metabolites. Enfluranemay increase heart rate, cause cardiac arrhythmias, increasecerebral blood flow, and increase intracranial pressure but allto a smaller degree than halothane. Enflurane also causeselectroencephalographic (EEG) patterns consistent withelectrical seizure activity. It has caused tonic–clonic convulsiveactivity in patients when used at high concentrations orduring profound hypocarbic periods. Enflurane is thereforenot recommended in patients with seizure disorders.
反応プロフィール
The material 2-CHLORO-1,1,2-TRIFLUOROETHYL DIFLUOROMETHYL ETHER is incompatible with the following oxidizing materials, peroxides, combustible materials. Although nonflammable, a fire may cause 2-CHLORO-1,1,2-TRIFLUOROETHYL DIFLUOROMETHYL ETHER to decompose to toxic compounds including phosgene, hydrogen chloride, and hydrogen fluoride. Decomposes slowly in the light.
危険性
Volatile with anesthetic properties, but nonflammable. Cardiac and central nervous system
impairment. Questionable carcinogen.
火災危険
Noncombustible liquid; flash point >94°C
(200°F); low reactivity. Pressure buildup in a
closed bottle may occur at elevated temper atures.
臨床応用
Enflurane was introduced into medical practice in the United States in 1973 and is a
clear, colorless, nonflammable general liquid with a mild, sweet odor. Although relatively stable
chemically, enflurane does not attack aluminum, copper, iron, or brass and is soluble in rubber
(partition coefficient = 74), which can prolong induction/recovery times, as seen with halothane.Enflurane has an intermediate solubility in blood and significant potency. Most of its
pharmacological properties are similar to those of halothane, although there may be slightly less
nausea, vomiting, arrhythmias, and postoperative shivering than observed with halothane. High
concentrations of enflurane, however, are more likely to produce convulsions and circulatory
depression. Enflurane also relaxes the uterus and, thus, should not be used as an anesthetic
during labor. Metabolism via CYP2E1 accounts for 2% of an inhaled dose and includes
transformation to the fluoride ion and fluoromethoxydifluoroacetic acid. During
recovery, enflurane leaves the fatty tissues rapidly and, therefore, is not available for a prolonged
period of time for significant metabolism to proceed.
安全性プロファイル
Mildly toxic by
inhalation, ingestion, and subcutaneous
routes. Human systemic effects by
inhalation: decreased urine volume or
anuria. An experimental teratogen.
Experimental reproductive effects. Human
mutation data reported. An eye irritant.
Questionable carcinogen with experimental
carcinogenic data. An anesthetic. When
heated to decomposition it emits very toxic
fumes of Fand Cl-. See also ETHERS.
職業ばく露
FDA-proprietary drug, used as an
anesthetic (gas). Axphyxiant
輸送方法
UN1851 Medicine, liquid, toxic, n.o.s., Hazard
Class: 6.1; Labels: 6.1-Poisonous materials. Cylinders must
be transported in a secure upright position, in a wellventilated truck. Protect cylinder and labels from physical
damage. The owner of the compressed gas cylinder is the
only entity allowed by federal law (49CFR) to transport
and refill them. It is a violation of transportation regulations to refill compressed gas cylinders without the express
written permission of the owner.
不和合性
Incompatible with oxidizers (chlorates,
nitrates, peroxides, permanganates, perchlorates, chlorine,
bromine, fluorine, etc.); contact may cause fires or
explosions. Keep away from alkaline materials, strong
bases, strong acids, oxoacids, and epoxides. Decomposes
on heating, forming toxic and corrosive fumes of hydrogen
chloride, hydrogen fluoride, and phosgene. Decomposes in
strong sunlight
廃棄物の処理
Return refillable compressed
gas cylinders to supplier
エンフルラン 上流と下流の製品情報
原材料
準備製品