メスカリン 化学特性,用途語,生産方法
解説
メスカリン，融点35～36 ℃，沸点180 ℃(1.6 kPa)．水，アルコール類，クロロホルムに易溶，エーテルにほとんど不溶．空気中で二酸化炭素を吸収して炭酸塩となる．硫酸塩(C11H17NO3)2·H2SO4·2H2O(融点183～186 ℃)として容易に精製できる．0.3～0.5 g の摂取で，とくに色彩に関する強烈な幻覚が現れ，5～10時間程度多幸感を与えるので，精神医学分野で利用される．LD50 212 mg/kg(マウス，静注)．
森北出版「化学辞典（第2版）
用途
0.3～0.5 g の摂取で，とくに色彩に関する強烈な幻覚が現れ，5～10時間程度多幸感を与えるので，精神医学分野で利用される．
製造
アメリカ南部およびメキシコで産生するサボテンの一種メスカルAnhalonium lewiniiに約6％ 含有される幻覚性アルカロイド．フェネチルアミン系アルカロイドの代表的なものである．3,4,5-トリメトキシベンズアルデヒドとニトロメタンとを脱水縮合し，生成物を亜鉛-酢酸またはナトリウムアマルガム還元すると得られるメスカリン．
説明
Mescaline is one of the main active ingredients in the peyote
plant, Lophophora williamsii. It is also found in several other
cacti including the South American Trichocereus otherwise
known as the Peruvian torch species. Mescaline can also be
synthesized in the laboratory. It is one of the oldest known
hallucinogenic drugs. Ingestion of mescaline via use of the
peyote cactus has been used in rituals by North American
Indians dating back thousands of years. Ingestion of peyote
was also common among the Aztec, Apache, and Pima
Indians for religious, ceremonial, and medicinal purposes.
Mescaline was isolated from peyote in 1896 by the chemist
Hefter and in 1919, the chemical structure was confirmed by
Spath. There are many analogs of mescaline with over 250
being prepared and self-tested by the chemist and pharmacologist,
Alexander Shulgin (aka Sasha Shulgin). Mescaline
became a Schedule I drug and was placed in Controlled
Substances Act in 1970. Many of the related chemicals or
analogs of mescaline were also placed in Schedule I of the
Controlled Substances Act.
化学的特性
White Powder
使用
Psychedelic Alkoloid
定義
ChEBI: A phenethylamine alkaloid that is phenethylamine substituted at positions 3, 4 and 5 by methoxy groups.
危険性
Highly toxic by ingestion.
安全性プロファイル
Poison by
intraperitoneal and intravenous routes.
Moderately toxic by ingestion route. An
experimental teratogen. Other experimental
reproductive effects. Human systemic
effects by intramuscular route: euphoria and
hallucinations, dstorted perceptions. A
psychotoimetic agent (a drug of abuse).
When heated to decomposition it emits
toxic fumes of NOx.
環境運命予測
The primary exposure pathway is oral via ingestion of the
chemical powder or salt or via ingestion of peyote ‘ buttons.’
These buttons are the round, fleshy tops of the cactus that are
sliced and dried. Multiple buttons of peyote are typically
ingested due to the relatively small content (i.e., 40–50 mg) of
individual peyote buttons.
メスカリン 上流と下流の製品情報
原材料
準備製品