2-ニトロトルエン 化学特性,用途語,生産方法
外観
うすい黄色～黄色～黄赤色透明液体
性質
C7H7NO2(137.14)．C6H4(CH3)NO2．o-，m-，p-ニトロトルエンの3種類の異性体がある．トルエンを混酸でモノニトロ化すれば，o-ニトロトルエン63％，p-ニトロトルエン33％，m-ニトロトルエン4％ の割合でニトロトルエンが生成し，これらは冷却法，減圧蒸留などによってそれぞれを分離できる．また，m-ニトロトルエンのみを合成するには，p-トルイジンをニトロ化，ついでアミノ基をジアゾ化し，ジアゾニウム基を還元分解すれば得られる．p-ニトロトルエンは黄色の結晶であるが，o-ニトロトルエンおよびm-ニトロトルエンは常温では液体である．いずれもエーテル，ベンゼンに可溶．水に難溶であるが，還元すればそれぞれ対応するトルイジンが，酸化すればやはり対応するニトロ安息香酸が得られる．
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森北出版「化学辞典（第2版）
毒性
o-ニトロトルエンはLD50 891 mg/kg(ラット，経口)．m-ニトロトルエンは毒性が強く，肝臓障害や皮膚障害を引き起こす．
説明
2-Nitrotoluene is a light yellow to darker yellow-green liquid. It is used for the synthesis of a variety of industrial products. These include to synthesise agricultural and rubber chemicals, azo and sulphur dyes, and dyes for cotton, wool, silk, leather, and paper. O-nitrotoluene decomposes on contact with strong oxidants, reducing agents, acids, or bases producing toxic fumes, nitrogen oxides, and carbon monoxide.
物理的性質
Clear, colorless to pale yellowish combustible liquid with a faint, aromatic odor. May darken on
exposure to air.
定義
ChEBI: 2-nitrotoluene is a mononitrotoluene that is toluene carrying a nitro substituent at position 2. It has a role as an environmental contaminant and a carcinogenic agent.
製造方法
2-Nitrotoluene was synthesized by nitration of toluene with mixed acid, A mixture of mononitrotoluene isomers can be prepared from the nitration of toluene between -10 oC and 30 oC. Lower temperatures result in little or no reaction, while higher temperatures will result in double nitration forming dinitrotoluenes.
一般的な説明
Light yellow oily liquid with a characteristic odor of aromatic nitro compounds. Sinks in water. Derived from toluene by nitration and separation by fractional distillation. Flash point 223°F.
空気と水の反応
Insoluble in water.
反応プロフィール
2-Nitrotoluene is toxic by inhalation, ingestion and skin aborption, targeting the blood, central nervous system, skin, and gastrointestinal tract. Symptoms include, anoxia, weakness or dizziness, nausea and vomiting. If 2-Nitrotoluene contacts the eye, the eye should be irrigated immediately. If 2-Nitrotoluene contacts the skin, the area should be washed with soap. If inhaled, respiratory support should be administered. Finally, if ingested, medical attention should be sought. 2-Nitrotoluene also reacts with sulfuric acid, sodium hydroxide, hydrogen, sodium, tetranitromethane, reducing agents and strong oxidizers. 2-Nitrotoluene is very heat sensitive.
危険性
Toxic by inhalation, ingestion, skin absorption. Methemoglobinemia. Probable carcinogen.
健康ハザード
INHALATION, INGESTION, OR SKIN: Headache, flushing of face, dizziness, dyspnea (difficult breathing), cyanosis, nausea, vomiting, muscular weakness, increased pulse and respiratory rate, irritability, and convulsions. SKIN: Irritation.
安全性プロファイル
Confirmed carcinogen.
A poison. Moderately toxic by ingestion.
Mucous membrane effects by inhalation.
Mutation data reported. Combustible when
exposed to heat or open flame. To fight fire,
use water spray, fog, foam, CO2. Potentially
explosive reaction with alkali (e.g., sodmm
hydroxide). When heated to decomposition
it emits toxic fumes of NOx. See also other
methylnitrobenzene entries and NITRO
COMPOUNDS OF AROMATIC
HYDROCARBONS.
職業ばく露
The nitrotoluenes are used in the
production of toluidines and other dye intermediates.
All isomers are used in manufacture of agriculture and
rubber chemicals and in various dyes.
発がん性
o-Nitrotoluene is reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen based on sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity from studies in experimental animals and supporting data on mechanisms of carcinogenesis.
環境運命予測
Biological. Robertson et al. (1992) reported that toluene dioxygenases from Pseudomonas
putida F1 and Pseudomonas sp. Strain JS 150 oxidized the methyl group forming 2-nitrobenzyl
alcohol.
輸送方法
UN1664 Nitrotoluenes, (o-; m-; p-), Hazard
Class: 6.1; Labels: 6.1-Poisonous materials.
純化方法
Crystallise 2-nitrotoluene (repeatedly) from absolute EtOH by cooling in a Dry-ice/alcohol mixture. Further purify it by passing an alcoholic solution through a column of alumina. [Beilstein 5 IV 845.]
不和合性
Decomposes on contact with strong oxidizers;
strong acids; reducing agents; strong bases; ammonia,
amines producing toxic fumes, causing fire and explosion
hazard. Heat above 190C may cause explosive decomposition.
Attacks some plastics, rubbers, and coatings.
廃棄物の処理
Controlled incineration-care
must be taken to maintain complete combustion at all
times. Incineration of large quantities may require scrubbers
to control the emission of nitrogen oxides.
2-ニトロトルエン 上流と下流の製品情報
原材料
準備製品