ルテチウム 化学特性,用途語,生産方法
外観
銀灰色の塊
性質
元素記号 Lu ，原子番号 71，原子量 174.967。周期表3族，希土類元素でランタノイド元素に属する。天然にはイットリウムを含む希土類鉱物中に他の希土類元素とともに産出するが，量は少い。地殻における存在量 0.5ppm，海水中の存在量 0.0005μg/l 。1907年フランスのG.ユルバンは単一と思われていたイッテルビウムから新元素を発見し，パリのラテン古名Lutetiaにちなんでルテチウムと命名したが，ほとんど同じころオーストリアのC.F.A.vonウェルスバハも同じ新元素を発見し，カシオペイウムcassiopeiumと命名した。単体は金属で，六方晶系結晶，比重 9.74，融点約 1700℃。化学的性質は他の希土類元素と類似している。酸化数3。特定の用途は見出されていない。周期表元素記号＝Lu 原子番号＝71原子量＝174.967地殻中の存在度＝0.50ppm(58位)安定核種存在比 175Lu＝97.40％，176Lu＝2.60％融点＝1652℃ 沸点＝3327℃比重＝9.872電子配置＝［Xe］4f145d16s2 おもな酸化数＝III周期表第IIIA族の希土類元素に属するランタノイドの一つ。
溶解性
水と徐々に、酸水溶液とは速やかに反応しH2を放出してLu(3+)となる。塩酸に溶ける。
解説
Lu．原子番号71の元素．電子配置[Kr]4f 145d16s2の周期表3族ランタノイド元素．希土類元素イットリウム族の一つ．原子量174.967(1)．天然に質量数175(97.41(2)％)と176(2.59(2)％)の同位体が存在するが，176Luは半減期3.76×1010 y の β－ 崩壊核種．このほか，150から184の放射性核種が知られている．希土類分離の難しさから，1843年のC.G. Mosanderの鉱石イットリア中のイッテルビウムが，次々に新しい元素に分割され，最終的に1907年，C.F.Auer von Welsbach(ウェルスバッハ)とG. Urbain(ユルバン)が独立に，新元素として分離した．発表が早かったユルバンがパリのラテン語名Lutetiaから命名した．当初はluteciumであったが，1949年，IUPACがlutetiumと決定した．地殻中の存在度0.3 ppm．希土類中で人工元素Pmを除いて存在度がもっとも低い．銀白色の金属．六方晶のα，体心立方のβの2変態がある．融点1663 ℃，沸点3395 ℃．密度9.84 g cm－3(25 ℃)．第一イオン化エネルギー5.426 eV．酸化数3．つねに LuⅢで化合物をつくる．酸化物，フッ化物は無色で水に不溶，塩化物，臭化物，硫酸塩，硝酸塩も無色で，水に可溶．塩の溶液も無色．Lu3＋ の電子配置は4f殻充満の4f 14で反磁性である．石油クラッキング用触媒，アルキル化，重合触媒などに使えるが，希少金属で高価であるため，ほとんど用いられない．[CAS 7439-94-3]
森北出版「化学辞典（第2版）
用途
新素材研究用。
使用上の注意
本品はスピンドル油に浸漬してある。
化学的特性
grey powder
物理的性質
In the last (17th) position in the lanthanide series, lutetium is the heaviest and largestmolecule of all the rare-earths as well as the hardest and most corrosion-resistant. It has asilvery-white color and is somewhat stable under normal atmospheric conditions.
Its melting point is 1,663°C, its boiling point is 3,402°C, and its density is 9.84g/cm
3.
同位体
There are a total of 59 isotopes of Lutetium. Only two of these are stable: Lu-175, which makes up 97.41% of all the natural abundance found on Earth. The otheris a long-lived radioisotope (Lu-176) with such a long half-life (4.00×10
+10 years) thatit is considered stable: Lu-176 contributes 2.59% to the natural abundance of lutetium.
名前の由来
Lutetium’s name is derived from the ancient Latin name for Paris,
France: Lutecia.
天然物の起源
Lutetium is the 60th most abundant element on Earth, and it ranks 15th in the abundanceof the rare-earths. It is one of the rarest of the lanthanide series. It is found in monazite sand(India, Australia, Brazil, South Africa, and Florida), which contains small amounts of all therare-earths. Lutetium is found in the concentration of about 0.0001% in monazite. It is difficultto separate it from other rare-earths by the ion-exchange process. In the pure metallicform, lutetium is difficult to prepare, which makes is very expensive.
来歴
In 1907, Urbain described a process by which Marignac’s ytterbium (1879) could be separated into the two elements, ytterbium (neoytterbium) and lutetium. These elements were identical with “aldebaranium” and “cassiopeium,” independently discovered by von Welsbach about the same time. Charles James of the University of New Hampshire also independently prepared the very pure oxide, lutecia, at this time. The spelling of the element was changed from lutecium to lutetium in 1949. Lutetium occurs in very small amounts in nearly all minerals containing yttrium, and is present in monazite to the extent of about 0.003%, which is a commercial source. The pure metal has been isolated only in recent years and is one of the most difficult to prepare. It can be prepared by the reduction of anhydrous LuCl3 or LuF3 by an alkali or alkaline earth metal. The metal is silvery white and relatively stable in air. While new techniques, including ion-exchange reactions, have been developed to separate the various rare-earth elements, lutetium is still the most costly of all rare earths. It is priced at about $100/g (99.9%).
176Lu occurs naturally (97.41%) with
175Lu (2.59%), which is radioactive with a very long half-life of about 4 × 1010 years. Lutetium has 50 isotopes and isomers that are now recognized. Stable lutetium nuclides, which emit pure beta radiation after thermal neutron activation, can be used as catalysts in cracking, alkylation, hydrogenation, and polymerization. Virtually no other commercial uses have been found yet for lutetium. While lutetium, like other rare-earth metals, is thought to have a low toxicity rating, it should be handled with care until more information is available.
特性
Lutetium has had a number of different names over the years. At one time or another,it was called neoytterbium, lutecium, lutetia, lutetium, and cassiopium. Some scientists inGermany still refer to it as cassiopium.
Lutetium reacts slowly with water and is soluble in weak acids. Its crystals exhibit strongmagnetic properties, which are important to the study of magnetism.
使用
Lutetium is the last member of the rare earth series. Unlike most rare earths it lacks a magnetic moment. It also has the smallest metallic radius of any rare earth. It is perhaps the least naturally abundant of the Lanthanides. It is the ideal host for x-ray phosphors because it produces the densest known white material, Lutetium Tantalate (LuTaO4). It is utilized as a dopant in matching lattice parameters of certain substrate garnet crystals, such as Indium-Gallium-Garnet (IGG) crystals due its lack of a magnetic moment.
Lutetium isotopes can data the age of meteorites and are used to target tumors experimentally. Stable lutetium can be used as catalysts in petroleum cracking in refineries and can also be used in alkylation, hydrogenation, and polymerization applications.
Lutetium Metal, is the hardest metal of the rare-earths, used as important additive to some specialty alloy. Stable Lutetium can be used as catalysts in petroleum cracking in refineries and can also be used in alkylation, hydrogenation, and polymerization applications. Lutetium is used as a phosphor in LED light bulbs.
定義
A silvery element
of the lanthanoid series of metals. It
occurs in association with other lanthanoids.
Lutetium is a very rare lanthanoid
and has few uses.
Symbol: Lu; m.p. 1663°C; b.p. 3395°C;
r.d. 9.84 (25°C); p.n. 71; r.a.m. 174.967.
危険性
Lutetium fluoride is a skin irritant, and its fumes are toxic if inhaled. The dust and powderof the oxides of some rare-earths, including lutetium, are toxic if inhaled or ingested.
ルテチウム 上流と下流の製品情報
原材料
準備製品