亜硝酸イソアミル 化学特性,用途語,生産方法
外観
うすい黄色～黄色透明液体
解説
C5H11NO2(117.15)．(CH3)2CHCH2CH2ONO．イソペンチルアルコールに塩化ニトロシルNOClを作用させるか，塩化イソペンチルに亜硝酸銀を作用させると得られる．淡黄色の果実臭をもつ揮発性液体．沸点97～99 ℃．冷暗所に保存する．容易に加水分解されて亜硝酸となるので，ジアゾニウム塩，ニトロソ，およびイソニトロソ化合物の合成に用いられる．血管拡張，平滑筋弛緩などの作用をもち，医薬品として狭心症に用いられる．亜硝酸イソペンチルを主成分として，ペンチルアルコール部分の異性体を含むものを，薬局方で亜硝酸イソアミルとよんでいる．森北出版「化学辞典（第2版）
用途
ニトロソ化あるいはジアゾニウム塩の合成試薬
効能
解毒薬 (シアン化物中毒), 血管拡張薬, グアニル酸シクラーゼ活性薬
商品名
亜硝酸アミル (アルフレッサファーマ); 亜硝酸アミル (第一三共)
説明
Amyl nitrite had been used clinically as early as 1867, when the
Scottish physician Sir Thomas Brunton used it as a vasodilator
as treatment for angina pectoris in his patients. In the late
1880s, a protective effect on cyanide toxicity in canines was
noted when amyl nitrite was inhaled postexposure. Amyl
nitrite has been used clinically in a multicomponent cyanide
antidote kit and is also a recreational drug of abuse (‘poppers’).
化学的特性
Isoamyl Nitrite is flammable and explosive and decomposes
when exposed to air and sunlight.
使用
Isoamyl nitrite is a light yellow, transparent liquid with a
pleasant, fragrant, fruity odor. Amyl nitrite was introduced to
medicine in 1859 and has been under considerable pharmacological
investigation since that time. Its major use was for
treating angina pectoris through its vasodilative effect on the
coronary arteries. However, this effect is transient, and
nitroglycerin and longer acting nitrates have largely replaced
it. Amyl nitrite has been most helpful in clarifying the
differential diagnosis of murmurs. For example, left ventricular
outflowobstruction increases followingamyl nitrite administration.
Mitral regurgitation decreases following amyl nitrite
as does the apical diastolic rumble of mitral stenosis. The
Austin–Flint rumble decreases followingamyl nitrite as does a
ventricular septal defect and acyanotic tetralogy of Fallot. Pulmonic stenosis increases as does isolated valvular pulmonary
stenosis following amyl nitrite.
Isoamyl nitrite has also been reportedly used for inhalation
abuse. The symptoms following inhalation of
large doses by humans are flushing of the face, pulsatile
headache, disturbing tachycardia, cyanosis (methemoglobinemia),
weakness, confusion, restlessness, faintness, and
collapse, particularly if the individual is standing. The
symptoms are usually of short duration. Industrial intoxication
has not been reported.
定義
ChEBI: Isoamyl nitrite is a nitrite ester having isopentyl as the alkyl group. It has a role as a vasodilator agent and an antihypertensive agent. It derives from an isoamylol.
一般的な説明
Clear yellow liquid.
空気と水の反応
Highly flammable. Decomposes on exposure to air and light. Insoluble in water.
反応プロフィール
Isoamyl nitrite is an oxidizing agent but can serve as a reducing agent. Forms explosive mixtures with air or oxygen. .
危険性
Flammable, dangerous fire risk, a strong oxidizer. Vapor may explode if ignited.
火災危険
Isoamyl nitrite is flammable.
職業ばく露
Amyl nitrite is used to make pharmaceuticals;
perfumes, diazonium compounds, and other
chemicals.
環境運命予測
The primary mechanism of toxicity develops from the
powerful oxidative effects of nitrites on hemoglobin. Methemoglobinemia,
which develops when the iron atom in
hemoglobin loses one electron to an oxidant, causing a change
from the ferrous (2+) state to the ferric (3+) state, may cause
cellular hypoxia. When methemoglobin levels exceed
10–15%, cyanosis may be evident. Nitrites also cause vasodilation
by direct action on smooth muscle. Physical effects
include decreases in blood pressure, headache, flushing of the
face, increased heart rate, dizziness, and relaxation of involuntary
muscles, especially of the blood vessels and the anal
sphincter.
Amyl nitrite may be irritating to the lungs and throat when
breathed in. With exposure to the skin, amyl nitrite has irritant
properties. It can also be readily absorbed, causing systemic
effects with skin contact.
輸送方法
UN1993 Flammable liquids, n.o.s., Hazard
Class: 3; Labels: 3-Flammable liquid, Technical Name
Required.
不和合性
Vapors may form explosive mixture with
air. Slowly decomposes in light, heat, and on contact with
water. A strong oxidizer. Contact with reducing agents and
easily oxidizable materials may cause fire and explosions.
Reported to be an explosion hazard when exposed to air and
light. Keep away from alcohols, antipyrine, alkaline materials;
alkaline carbonates; potassium iodide; bromides, and ferrous
salts. Attacks metals in the presence of moisture.
廃棄物の処理
Incineration with scrubber to
remove nitrogen oxides from the combustion gases.
亜硝酸イソアミル 上流と下流の製品情報
原材料
準備製品