ネオジム 化学特性,用途語,生産方法
外観
銀灰色の粉末
溶解性
酸水溶液とは速やかに、水とは徐々に反応してNd(3+)となる。塩酸に溶ける。
解説
ネオジム，Nd．原子番号60の元素．電子配置[Xe]4f 46s2の周期表3族ランタノイド元素．希土類元素セリウム族の一つ．原子量144.242(3)．質量数142(27.2(5)％)，143(12.2(2)％)，144(23.8(3)％)，145(8.3(1)％)，146(17.2(3)％)，148(5.7(1)％)，150(5.6(2)％)の7種の安定同位体と，質量数124～161の放射性同位体が知られている．
用途
標準液調製原料、ネオジムガラス材料、合金材料。
用途
合金材料、新素材研究用。
製造
金属は1000 ℃ 以上の高温におけるフッ化物のCaによる還元，または塩化物の溶融塩電解で得られるネオジム．
使用上の注意
酸化防止のため、不活性ガスを封入しているので、開栓後は窒素を封入して下さい。
化学的特性
grey metal ingot
物理的性質
Neodymium is the third most abundant rare-earth element in the Earth’s crust (24 ppm). Itis reactive with moist air and tarnishes in dry air, forming a coating of Nd
3O
3, an oxide witha blue tinge that flakes away, leaving bare metal that then will continue to oxidize.
Its melting point is 1,021°C, its boiling point is 3,074°C, and its density is 7,01 g/cm
3.
同位体
There are 47 isotopes of neodymium, seven of which are considered stable.Together the stable isotopes make up the total abundance in the Earth’s crust. Twoof these are radioactive but have such long half-lives that they are considered stablebecause they still exist on Earth. They are Nd-144 (half-life of 2.29×10
+15 years) andNd-150 (half-life of 6.8×10
+15years). All the other isotopes are synthetic and havehalf-lives ranging from 300 nanoseconds to 3.37 days.
名前の由来
Derived from the two Greek words neos and didymos. When combined,
they mean “new twin.”
天然物の起源
Although neodymium is the 28th most abundant element on Earth, it is third in abundanceof all the rare-earths. It is found in monazite, bastnasite, and allanite ores, where it isremoved by heating with sulfuric acid (H
2SO
4). Its main ore is monazite sand, which is amixture of Ce, La, Th, Nd, Y, and small amounts of other rare-earths. Some monazite sandsare composed of over 50% rare-earths by weight. Like most rare-earths, neodymium can beseparated from other rare-earths by the ion-exchange process.
特性
As an element, neodymium is a soft silver-yellow metal. It is malleable and ductile. It canbe cut with a knife, machined, and formed into rods, sheets, powder, or ingots. Neodymiumcan form trivalent compounds (salts) that exhibit reddish or violet-like colors.
Neodymium reacts with water to form Nd(OHO)
3 and hydrogen (H
2), which can explodeif exposed to a flame or spark. It is shipped and stored in containers of mineral oil.
使用
Neodymium salts, electronics, alloys, colored
glass, (especially in astronomical lenses and lasers),
to increase heat resistance of magnesium, metallurgical research, yttrium-garnet laser dope, gas scavenger in iron and steel manufacture
定義
A toxic
silvery element belonging to the lanthanoid
series of metals. It occurs in association
with other lanthanoids. Neodymium is
used in various alloys, as a catalyst, in compound
form in carbon-arc searchlights,
etc., and in the glass industry.
Symbol: Nd; m.p. 1021°C; b.p.
3068°C; r.d. 7.0 (20°C); p.n. 60; r.a.m.
144.24.
危険性
Many of the compounds (salts) of neodymium are skin irritants and toxic if inhaled oringested. Some are explosive (e.g., neodymium nitrate [Nd(NO
3)
3]).
安全性プロファイル
Human systemic effects
by intracerebral route: blood changes. It may
be an anticoagulant lanthanoid. Care in
handling is advised. Flammable in the form
of dust when exposed to heat or flame.
Slight explosion hazard in the form of dust
when exposed to flame. Can react violently
with air, halogens, N2.Violent reaction with
phosphorus above 4OOOC. Many of its
compounds are poisons.
ネオジム 上流と下流の製品情報
原材料
準備製品