ニトログリコール 化学特性,用途語,生産方法
解説
ニトログリコール，無色の油状液体．融点－22.3 ℃，沸点105.5 ℃(2.5 kPa)．d2015 1.4890．n15D 1.499．発火点257 ℃．水に難溶，ほとんどの有機溶剤に易溶．生成熱230 kJ mol－1，爆発熱6694 kJ kg－1 で，一般にニトログリセリンと混合してダイナマイトに用いられる．ニトログリセリンより揮発性で，その蒸気はきわめて有毒．
用途
ニトログリセリンの冬期の凍結防止のためにニトログリコールを配合し、ニトロセルロースとゼラチンを基材としたダイナマイトやダブルベース推進薬に用いる
製法
無水混酸中にエチレングリコールを注入して，ニトロ化すると得られるニトログリコール．
化学的特性
Ethylene glycol dinitrate is a colorless to yellow,
oily, odorless liquid. An explosive ingredient (60%80%)
in dynamite along with nitroglycerine (40%20%). It may
be detonated by mechanical shock, heat, or spontaneous
chemical reaction
使用
Explosive for mining and fuel industries. Additive to dynamite. Detection of hidden bombs by analysis of ambient air for EGDN.
定義
A freezing-point depressant for
nitroglycerine.
一般的な説明
Colorless to yellow, oily odorless liquid with a sweetish taste. Mp: -22°C; bp: explodes at 114°C. Density: 1.49 g cm-3. Soluble in water (23.3 g/L H2O) at 25°C). Very soluble in ethanol and in ether. Used as an explosive ingredient in dynamite along with nitroglycerine. Toxic; can penetrate the skin.
反応プロフィール
EGDN is explosive. Acts as a strong oxidizing agent. Heating to 114°C or above may cause a violent combustion or explosion producing toxic fumes (nitrogen oxides). May also decompose explosively from shock, friction or from a build-up of electrostatic charge that sparks suddenly to ground. Can begin a vigorous reaction that culminates in an explosion if mixed with reducing agents including hydrides, sulfides, and nitrides and numerous ordinary combustible materials. Reacts violently with Al, BP, cyanides, esters, PN2H, P, NaCN, SnCl2, sodium hypophosphite, and thiocyanates. Reacts with acids and with alkalis, including ammonia and amines. Must be stored in a cool, ventilated place, away from acute fire hazards and easily oxidized materials (Sax and Lewis, 1987 p.664).
危険性
Toxic by skin absorption.
健康ハザード
EGDN causes vasodilation and
cardiac effects.
安全性プロファイル
Can cause lowered
blood pressure leading to headache,
dizziness, and weakness. Used as an
explosive. When heated to decomposition it
emits toxic fumes of NOx. See also
NITRATES.
職業ばく露
An explosive ingredient (60%80%)
in dynamite along with nitroglycerine (40%20%).
Although ethylene glycol dinitrate is an explosive in itself,
it is primarily used to lower the freezing/melting point of
nitroglycerin; together these compounds are the major constituents of commercial dynamite, cordite, and blastine gelatin. Occupational exposure generally involves a mixture of the two compounds. Ethylene glycol dinitrate is 160 times
more volatile than nitroglycerin.
輸送方法
UN0473 Substances, explosive, n.o.s., Hazard
Class: 1.1 A; Labels:1.1A-Explosive (with a mass explosion, hazard); A-Substances which are expected to mass
detonate very soon after fire reaches them, Technical Name
Required
不和合性
Unstable; highly explosive. Heating may
cause violent combustion or explosion producing toxic
fumes (nitrogen oxides). May explosively detonate violently from heat above 200℃, mechanical shock, friction,
impact or concussion. Not compatible with strong acids
and alkalies
ニトログリコール 上流と下流の製品情報
原材料
準備製品