1,2-ジクロロアセチレン 化学特性,用途語,生産方法
用途
合成中間体
化学的特性
DCA is a volatile, pyrophoric oil. It has an
unpleasant, sweetish odor. A gas above 32°C/90°F.
使用
DCA is not commercially available in large quantities. It is
reportedly a by-product of the synthesis of vinylidene chloride
and is not known to be used commercially.
調製方法
DCA is a highly toxic, spontaneously combustible, undesired,
and noncommercial product of the dehydrochlorination
of trichloroethylene. It has resulted from exposure of
trichloroethylene vapor to Hopcalite in a closed environmental
system (submarine) and soda lime in closed circuit
(rebreathing) anesthesia machines and from exposure of
trichloroethylene liquid to caustic in degreaser tanks. It
may also be an undesired by-product during chemical processes
such as production of vinylidene chloride.
When DCA was decomposed in the presence of oxygen,
seven substanceswere found: phosgene, hexachlorobutadiene,
chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, trichloroacetyl chloride,
tetrachloroethylene, and trichloroacryloyl chloride.
一般的な説明
Volatile oil with a disagreeable, sweetish odor. Mp: -68 to -65°C; bp: 32-34°C. Density: 1.38 g cm-3. Is not produced commercially.
空気と水の反応
Ignites or explodes upon contact with air (MCA Case History 1989 (1974)).
反応プロフィール
Dichloroethyne is a reducing agent. Incompatible with oxidizing agents. Can ignite or explode on contact with air or if heated. Can explode if shocked. Burns in the presence of chlorine to form phosgene (Ann. Chem. 640:5(1961)).
健康ハザード
Dichloroacetylene is a neurotoxin;
it is carcinogenic in experimental
animals.
安全性プロファイル
Confirmed carcinogen
with experimental carcinogenic data. Poison
by inhalation. Central nervous system
effects. Can be formed by thermal
decomposition (>70℃) from
trichloroethylene. Symptoms include a
disabling nausea and intense jaw pain.
Strong explosive when shocked or exposed
to heat or air. Can react vigorously with
oxidizing materials. When heated to
decomposition or on contact with acid or
acid fumes it emits highly toxic fumes of
Cl-. See also ACETYLENE
COMPOUNDS and CHLORINATED
HYDROCARBONS , ALIPHATIC.
職業ばく露
DCA, dichloroacetylene, is not
produced commercially and is a possible decomposition
product of trichloroethylene or trichloroethane. Reported to
be a by-product of vinylidene chloride (see V:0220). Also,
a closed circuit anesthesia with trichloroethylene, heat and
moisture produced by soda-lime absorption of CO2 may
produce dichloroacetylene (DCA) along with phosgene and
carbon monoxide (CO).
発がん性
The IARC concluded that there
is limited evidence for the carcinogenicity of DCA to experimental
animals based on treatment-related increases in the
incidence of adenocarcinomas of the kidney in male mice,
benign tumors of the liver and kidney, and an increased
incidence of lymphomas in rats.
代謝経路
By the incubation of dichloroacetylene with rat liver
and kidney subcellular fractions, the formation of S-
(1,2-dichlorovinyl)glutathione (DCVG) is observed, and
N-acetyl-S-(1,2-dichlorovinyl)-L-cysteine is identified as
a urinary metabolite in rats.
輸送方法
Explosive! Dichloroacetylene is cited by DOT
as “FORBIDDEN.”
不和合性
An unstable explosive; heat or
shock may cause explosion. Incompatible with oxidizers
(chlorates, nitrates, peroxides, permanganates, perchlorates,
chlorine, bromine, fluorine, etc.); contact may cause fires
or explosions. Keep away from alkaline materials, strong
acids (forms poisonous gases of phosgene and hydrogen
chloride), strong bases.
1,2-ジクロロアセチレン 上流と下流の製品情報
原材料
準備製品