臭化アルミニウム 化学特性,用途語,生産方法
外観
白色～灰褐色又はうすい赤褐色、結晶～粉末又は塊
溶解性
水に加えると、爆音を発して激しく反応する。水に極めて溶けやすく、エタノールに溶けやすく、ジエチルエーテルにやや溶けやすく、アセトンに溶ける。
解説
AlBr3(266.69)．アルミニウムを加熱して臭素を通じると得られる．無色の葉状晶．密度3.21 g cm－3．融点97.5 ℃，沸点263.3 ℃．昇華すると二量体Al2Br6になる．水とはげしく反応して臭化水素を生じ，溶液は微酸性を呈する．潮解性が強く，空気中では湿気により加水分解して白煙を発し，表面に水酸化アルミニウムの白粉を生じる．六水和物は無～黄色の針状晶．潮解性で，密度2.54 g cm－3．融点93 ℃．135 ℃ で分解する．冷水，エタノールに可溶．温水では分解する．有機合成の触媒として用いられる．[CAS 7727-15-3:AlBr3][CAS 7784-11-4:AlBr3･6H2O]
森北出版「化学辞典（第2版）
使用上の注意
不活性ガス封入極めて吸湿性が強く、空気中で発煙する。
化学的特性
White Crystalline Powder
物理的性質
Colorless crystalline solid in anhydrous form; melts at 97.5°C; boils at 256°C;density 3.01 g/cm3 at 25°C; moisture sensitive, fumes in air; soluble in water (reacts violently in cold water, and decomposes in hot water, alcohols, acetone, hexane, benzene, nitrobenzene, carbon disulfide and many other organic sol_x0002_vents).
使用
Alkylation, bromination and isomerization catalyst in organic synthesis.Aluminum bromide acts as a strong Lewis acid and is used in Lewis acid-promoted reactions such as epoxide ring openings. It is used as a catalyst for Friedel-Crafts alkylation reaction. It also finds application in bromination and isomerization reactions in organic synthesis. It is also used in polymerization reaction to prepare poly(o-xylene)from benzocyclobutene.
製造方法
Prepared from bromine and metallic aluminum.
2Al + 3Br2 ——? Al2Br6 (anhydrous).
一般的な説明
A white to yellowish-red, lumpy solid with a pungent odor.
反応プロフィール
An acid. May catalyze organic reactions. Corrosive to metals. Solutions of aluminum bromide in dichloromethane should be kept cold as a potentially dangerous exothermic halide exchange reaction occurs on warming, [Acc. Chem. Res., 1986, 19(3), 78].
危険性
The anhydrous form reacts violently with water; corrosive to skin.
健康ハザード
CORROSIVE and/or TOXIC; inhalation, ingestion or contact (skin, eyes) with vapors, dusts or substance may cause severe injury, burns or death. Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Reaction with water may generate much heat that will increase the concentration of fumes in the air. Contact with molten substance may cause severe burns to skin and eyes. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause pollution.
火災危険
EXCEPT FOR ACETIC ANHYDRIDE (UN1715), THAT IS FLAMMABLE, some of these materials may burn, but none ignite readily. May ignite combustibles (wood, paper, oil, clothing, etc.). Substance will react with water (some violently), releasing corrosive and/or toxic gases and runoff. Flammable/toxic gases may accumulate in confined areas (basement, tanks, hopper/tank cars, etc.). Contact with metals may evolve flammable hydrogen gas. Containers may explode when heated or if contaminated with water. Substance may be transported in a molten form.
安全性プロファイル
A toxic, corrosive material. See also BROMIDES and ALUMINUM COMPOUNDS. Mixtures with sodium or potassium explode violently upon impact. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of Br-. Do not add H2O to anhydrous material. Hydrolysis can be violent.
純化方法
Reflux it and then distil it from pure aluminium chips in a stream of nitrogen into a flask containing more of the chips. It is then distilled under vacuum into ampoules [Tipper & Walker J Chem Soc 1352 1959]. Anhydrous conditions are essential, and the white to very light brown solid distillate can be broken into lumps in a dry-box (under nitrogen). It fumes in moist air. [Becher in Handbook of Preparative Inorganic Chemistry (Ed. Brauer) Academic Press Vol I p 812-813 1963.]
臭化アルミニウム 上流と下流の製品情報
原材料
準備製品