窒化マグネシウム 化学特性,用途語,生産方法
解説
窒化マグネシウム，Mg3N2(100.93)．正式名称は二窒化三マグネシウム．Mg(N3)2はアジ化マグネシウム(アジ化物)で窒化物ではない．Mgを N2 またはNH3中で高温に加熱すると得られる．立方晶系結晶．Y2O3と同型構造(蛍石構造でCaのかわりにN，Fの位置の1/4は空間，3/4にMgが入った構造)．純粋なら無色，通常は黄色の固体． 密度2.71 g cm－3．3変態があり，550 ℃ 以下はα相，550～988 ℃ はβ相，988 ℃ 以上はγ相．密閉容器中では1300 ℃ で解離圧が1 atm となる．空気中で加熱すれば徐々に酸化されてMgOを生じる．水とは容易に反応してNH3とMg(OH)2になる．脱水剤に用いられる．
説明
Magnesium nitride has the molecular formula of Mg3N2 and the molecular weight of 100.9494 g/mol. It can be prepared by the reaction of Mg metal in a pure stream of nitrogen gas:
3Mg + 2N2→Mg3N2
At room temperature and pressure, it is a greenish yellow powder. Its density is 2.712 g/cm3 and it melts at about 1500 °C. Its CAS number is 12057-71-5. It reacts with water to produce ammonia gas, as do many metal nitrides: Mg3N2 + 6H2O→3Mg(OH)2 + 2NH3 In fact, when magnesium is burned in air, some magnesium nitride is formed in addition to the principal product, MgO. Where two Mg2+ ions are directly linked together. The lattice parameter and coordinates of Mg3N2 were obtained. It is a cubic anti-bixbyite structure with lattice parameter a = 9:9528 . The metal (Mg) atoms are in general positions 48 e of space group Ia3 (x; y; z). There are two crystallographically different kinds of N atoms: N1 is in positions 8b (1/4, 1/4, 1/4), and N2 in positions 24d (x, 0,1/4). In this structure, the N-arrays are fairly close to ideal cubic close packing. The 12 shortest N–N distances are in the range from 3.31 to 3.72?. Each nitrogen atom is coordinated by six Mg atoms. N1 has six Mg neighbors with a distance of 2.14?, while N2 is coordinated by six Mg with different N–Mg distances ranging from 2.084 to 2.179. The Mg–Mg distances are 2.72.
化学的特性
Magnesium nitride is an inorganic compound composed of nitrogen and magnesium and belongs to the cubic crystal system. It is a green-yellow to yellow-orange loose powder. The relative density is 2.71225. Soluble in acid, insoluble in ethanol. It decomposes at 800°C and in water. It sublimates at 700°C in a vacuum. When exposed to air, it immediately breaks down into Mg(OH)2 and NH3.
使用
The use of magnesium nitride as a convenient source of ammonia allows a direct transformation of esters to primary amides. Methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, and tert-butyl esters are converted to the corresponding carboxamides in good yields.
反応性
Magnesium nitride react with water to produce magnesium hydroxide and ammonia. The reaction takes place in a boiling solution.
Mg3N2 + 6 H2O === 3 Mg(OH)2 + 2 NH3↑.
Like many metal nitrides, magnesium nitride reacts with acids or hydrated non-metal oxides to produce ammonium salts and magnesium salts.
窒化マグネシウム 上流と下流の製品情報
原材料
準備製品