銅-スズ合金 化学特性,用途語,生産方法
解説
銅とスズからなるCu-Sn合金，およびスズの一部をほかの金属元素で置き換えたCu-8～10質量％ Sn-2～4質量％ Zn，Cu-5～6質量％ Sn-5～6質量％ Zn-2～5質量％ Pb合金を総称して青銅という．また，このほかにリンを加えたリン青銅(Cu-Sn-P合金)，ニッケルを加えたニッケル青銅(Cu-Sn-Ni合金)などがある．銅-スズ合金は，スズを含有しなくても，銅にアルミニウム，ベリリウム，そのほかの元素を加えた合金でもアルミニウム青銅，ベリリウム青銅などとよんでいるが，単に青銅というと，上記のCu-Sn系を主体としたスズ青銅をさす．スズ青銅は銅，黄銅に比べて鋳物をつくりやすく，耐食性が大きいので，バルブ，コック，機械器具の部品，兵器，軸受などの工業製品をはじめ，貨幣，ぼん鐘，美術品，銅像，日用品などに広く使用される．この合金系の機械的性質は，引張強さ26～32 kg mm－2，伸び47～54％，ブリネル硬さ60～70である．森北出版「化学辞典（第2版）
定義
Any of a group of copper-tin alloys
usually containing 0.5–10% of tin.
They are generally harder, stronger in compression,
and more corrosion resistant
than brass. Zinc is often added, as in gunmetal
(2–4% zinc), to increase strength
and corrosion-resistance; bronze coins
often contain more zinc (2.5%) than tin
(0.5%). The presence of lead improves its
machining qualities.
Some copper-rich alloys containing no
tin are also called bronzes. Aluminum
bronzes, for example, with up to 10% aluminum,
are strong, resistant to corrosion
and wear, and can be worked cold or hot;
silicon bronzes, with 1–5% silicon, have
high corrosion-resistance; beryllium
bronzes, with about 2% beryllium, are
very hard and strong.
工業用途
The term bronze is generally applied to anycopper alloy that has as the principal alloyingelement a metal other than zinc or nickel. Originallythe term was used to identify copper–tinalloys that had tin as the only, or principal,alloying element. Some brasses are calledbronzes because of their color, or because theycontain some tin. Most commercial copper–tinbronzes are now modified with zinc, lead, silver,or other elements.
Bronze is used in bearings, bushings, gears,valves, and other fittings both for water andsteam. Tin bronze, including statuary bronze,contains 2–20% tin; bell metal 15–25%; andspeculum metal up to 33%. Gun metal contains8–10% tin plus 2–4% zinc.
The properties of bronze depend on itscomposition and working. Phosphor bronze is tin bronze hardened and strengthened withtraces of phosphorus; it is used for fine tubing,wire springs, and machine parts. Lead bronzemay contain up to 30% lead; it is used for castparts such as low-pressure valves and fittings.Maganese bronze with 0.5 to 5% manganeseplus other metals, but often no tin, has highstrength. Aluminum bronze also contains no tin;its mechanical properties are superior to thoseof tin bronze, with up to 3% silicon, casts well,and can be worked hot or cold by rolling, forging,and similar methods. Beryllium bronze(also called beryllium copper) has about 2%beryllium and no tin. The alloy is hard andstrong and can be further hardened andstrengthened by precipitation hardening; it isone of the few copper alloys that responds toheat treatment, approaching three times thestrength of structural steel.
銅-スズ合金 上流と下流の製品情報
原材料
準備製品