炭酸二ナトリウム/過酸化水素,(2:3) 化学特性,用途語,生産方法
用途
過酸化水素水と同様に酸化力を持つため、漂白剤、除菌剤、消臭剤として用いられる。家庭向けに酸素系漂白剤として市販されている粉末には、ほとんどの場合この化合物が成分として含まれている。洗濯用の合成洗剤で、白さや除菌効果を強調した製品にも少量添加されている。
水溶液中の過酸化水素は放置するだけで水と酸素に分解し、また炭酸ナトリウムはほぼ無害な物質[要出典]であることから、過炭酸ナトリウムは使用に伴う環境への悪影響が少ない。一方、次亜塩素酸ナトリウムに代表される塩素系漂白剤は、漂白過程でトリハロメタンをはじめとする有機塩素化合物を生成して環境汚染の原因となる。
一般的に、漂白剤は細菌や色素などを酸化させて破壊する事により殺菌?漂白を行っている。過炭酸ナトリウムの酸化能力は塩素系漂白剤より劣るため、色柄物の衣類に使用できる。
用途
漂白剤、パイプクリーナー
化学的特性
Sodium percarbonate is a white granular powder of sodium carbonate and hydrogen peroxide.
Sodium percarbonate is mainly used as a bleaching chemical in laundry detergents (tablets, compact or regular powders), laundry additives and machine dishwashing products. It is an oxidizing agent and ingredient in a number of home and laundry cleaning products, including eco-friendly bleach products such as OxiClean and Tide laundry detergent. Dissolved in water, it releases hydrogen peroxide and soda ash (sodium carbonate):
2(Na2CO31.5H202)→2Na2CO3+3H202
使用
Sodium percarbonate is an addition salt of hydrogen peroxide and sodium carbonate that provides a solid source of hydrogen peroxide. When dissolved in water, sodium percarbonate liberates hydrogen peroxide. Sodium percarbonate is a white, granular or powdered solid oxidizer. It is used primarily as a bleaching agent in cleaning products. Other uses include algaecides, fungicides, chemical synthesis and environmental applications such as control of odor at waste treatment facilities. A small amount is used in denture cleaners and toothpaste.
Multifunctional reagent for the preparation of optically active 4-hydroxy-2-isoxazolines.
製造方法
Sodium percarbonate is produced by the reaction of sodium carbonate with hydrogen peroxide, which can be done via dry, spray and wet processes. In the dry process aqueous hydrogen peroxide solution is sprayed on solid sodium carbonate; a solid-liquid reaction yields sodium percarbonate. In the spray process sodium percarbonate is produced by a fluid bed process. Solutions of sodium carbonate and hydrogen peroxide are sprayed into a drying chamber where the water is evaporated. In the wet process sodium percarbonate is usually prepared by cristallisation possibly in combination with salting out.
反応性
Sodium percarbonate naturally decomposes, very slowly, to form sodium carbonate and hydrogen peroxide. The hydrogen peroxide may further decompose to form water and oxygen and liberate some heat. The decomposition proceeds according to the reaction below:
2Na2CO3 • 3H2O2 → 2Na2CO3 + 3H2O + 1.5 O2 + Heat
一般的な説明
A colorless, crystalline solid. Denser than water. May combust in contact with organic materials. Contact may irritate skin, eyes and mucous membranes. May be toxic by ingestion. Used to make other chemicals.
空気と水の反応
Soluble in water.
反応プロフィール
Oxidizing agents, such as SODIUM PERCARBONATE, can react with reducing agents to generate heat and products that may be gaseous (causing pressurization of closed containers). The products may themselves be capable of further reactions (such as combustion in the air). The chemical reduction of materials in this group can be rapid or even explosive, but often requires initiation (heat, spark, catalyst, addition of a solvent). Explosive mixtures of inorganic oxidizing agents with reducing agents often persist unchanged for long periods if initiation is prevented. Such systems are typically mixtures of solids, but may involve any combination of physical states. Some inorganic oxidizing agents are salts of metals that are soluble in water; dissolution dilutes but does not nullify the oxidizing power of such materials. Organic compounds, in general, have some reducing power and can in principle react with compounds in this class. Actual reactivity varies greatly with the identity of the organic compound. Inorganic oxidizing agents can react violently with active metals, cyanides, esters, and thiocyanates.
健康ハザード
Inhalation, ingestion or contact (skin, eyes) with vapors or substance may cause severe injury, burns or death. Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause pollution.
火災危険
These substances will accelerate burning when involved in a fire. Some may decompose explosively when heated or involved in a fire. May explode from heat or contamination. Some will react explosively with hydrocarbons (fuels). May ignite combustibles (wood, paper, oil, clothing, etc.). Containers may explode when heated. Runoff may create fire or explosion hazard.
安全性プロファイル
Moderately toxic by ingestion. When heated to decomposition it emits acrid smoke and irritating vapors
合成
Sodium percarbonate is prepared by the reaction of dihydrogen peroxide and sodium carbonate. The specific synthesis steps are as follows:
With florisil In water addn. of small amounts of MgSiO3 and water glass to 500kg H2O2 (dild. to 20% soln.), addn. of 1051kg Na2CO3 at 18°C, cooling to 5°C, cooling to -4°C after addn. of 500kg NaCl; centrifugation, drying, reuse of mother-liquor, finally sodium percarbonate (yield: 85.5%) is obtained.
環境運命予測
Sodium percarbonate is not persistent in the environment and readily decomposes to soda ash (sodium carbonate) and hydrogen peroxide which will subsequently decompose to water and oxygen when exposed to soils, sediments, and surface or ground waters.
炭酸二ナトリウム/過酸化水素,(2:3) 上流と下流の製品情報
原材料
準備製品