パラホルムアルデヒド 化学特性,用途語,生産方法
外観
無色澄明の液体
溶解性
水及びエタノールに溶けにくく、水酸化ナトリウム溶液に溶ける。
解説
パラホルムアルデヒド，HO(CH2O)nH．パラホルムともいう．ホルムアルデヒドの直鎖状重合物のこと．一般にホルムアルデヒド水溶液の真空濃縮でつくられる．また，水溶液中に少量の水酸化カリウムを加えることでもつくられる．ホルムアルデヒド臭をもつ白色の固体．融点120～170 ℃．アセトンに不溶，冷水に難溶であるが，微量の酸または塩基の存在下で水に可溶．殺菌，消毒剤のほか，高濃度または安定剤であるメタノールの存在しないホルムアルデヒド水溶液を調製するのに使われる．劇薬．
用途
殺虫、消毒剤、防腐剤
用途
酵素抗体を含む免疫組織染色の試料固定用。
用途
ユピタール（ポリアセタール樹脂）は、エレクトロニクス、ＯＡ、自動車、精密機械等、さまざまな分野用途の多用な要求性能に幅広くお答えするため、豊富な高機能グレードを取り揃えています。
効能
歯髄失活薬
特徴
ポリアセタール樹脂（又はポリオキシメチレン）（Polyacetal（又はPolyoxymethylene） 略記号：POM）は結晶性のプラスチックであり、オキシメチレン基（－CH2O－）連鎖のみで主鎖が構成されているホモポリマータイプ及びコモノマーを共重合したコポリマータイプがあります。
主な用途／役割
エポキシ樹脂の硬化剤として使用される。
使用上の注意
不活性ガス封入
化学的特性
Paraformaldehyde is a polymerized form of formaldehyde (CHO) and is a stable white crystalline powder with the odor of monomeric formaldehyde. Because pure formaldehyde is unstable at ambient conditions, paraformaldehyde is used as a readily-usable form of formaldehyde at use sites. Then,formaldehyde gas is generated during heating. Paraformaldehyde is used for different applications as a source of either gaseousformaldehyde or solution formaldehyde.
特性
Paraformaldehyde is the smallest solid form of liquid formaldehyde, formed by the polymerization of formaldehyde with a typical degree of polymerization of 8-100 units. As paraformaldehyde is basically a condensed form of formaldehyde, it possesses the common characteristics with a wide range of applications. It does not need to be dissolved in water in order to take part in a chemical reaction. Use of paraformaldehyde is convenient and safe. It avoids pollution arising from the disposal of the distillate obtained in the thermosetting resin production which is contaminated with organic matter. Paraformaldehyde made with very low acid content in a chemical resistant environment can prevent the formation of acidic by-products.
使用
Paraformaldehyde is used as a fumigant, a disinfectant and in the manufacture of synthetic resins like melamine resin, phenol resin and polyacetal resin. It is also used in cell culture. It also serves as a fixative in electron microscopy. It is also used in the preparation of formalin fixatives for tissues or cells. To use the chemical as a fixative, it must be converted to the monomer formaldehyde by heating as formaldehyde is the active chemical in fixation.
定義
ChEBI: Paraformaldehyde is a macromolecule composed of repeating methyleneoxy units arising from polymerisation of formaldehyde.
製造方法
Paraformaldehyde [30525-89-4] was first produced in 1859. This polymer, at first mistakenly called dioxymethylene and trioxymethylene, consists of a mixture of poly(oxymethylene) glycols HO-(CH2O)n-H with n=8-100. The formaldehyde content varies between 90 and 99 % depending on the degree of polymerization n (the remainder is bound or free water). It is an industrially important linear polyoxymethylene.
Paraformaldehyde is prepared industrially in continuously operated plants by concentrating aqueous formaldehyde solutions under vacuum conditions. At first, colloidal, waxy gels are obtained, which later become brittle. The use of a fractionating column through which gases were passed dates from about 1925.
Paraformaldehyde is currently produced in several steps which are carried out at low pressure and various temperatures. Highly reactive formaldehyde is produced under vacuum conditions starting with solutions that contain 50-100 ppm of formic acid and also 1-15 ppm of metal formates where the metals have an atomic number of 23-30 (e.g., Mn, Co, and Cu). The solutions are processed in thin-layer evaporators and spray dryers.
一般的な説明
Paraformaldehyde appears as a white solid with a light pungent odor. A linear polymer of formaldehyde of formula HO(CH2-O)xH where x averages about 30. Soluble in water when x is less than 12; higher polymers are not immediately soluble. Slow dissolution in water proceeds by means of hydrolysis to give fragments of lower x. Flammable, although may take some effort to ignite. Flash point 158 °F. Used in fungicides, bactericides, and in the manufacture of adhesives. A hazard to the environment. Immediate steps should be taken to limit spread to the environment.
空気と水の反応
Flammable. Forms aqueous solution of formaldehyde, often quite slowly.
反応プロフィール
Paraformaldehyde may react violently with strong oxidizing agents (hydrogen peroxide, performic acid, perchloric acid in the presence of aniline, potassium permanganate, nitromethane). May react with bases (sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, ammonia), and with nitrogen dioxide (explosive reaction around 180°C). Reacts with hydrochloric acid to form highly toxic bis(chloromethyl) ether. Polymerization reaction with phenol may develop sudden destructive pressure [Bretherick, 5th ed., 1995, p.168]. May generate flammable and/or toxic gases in combination with azo, diazo compounds, dithiocarbamates, nitrides, and strong reducing agents. Generates toxic formaldehyde gas when heated. Can react with air to give first peroxo acids, and ultimately formic acid. These reactions are activated by light, catalyzed by salts of transition metals, and are autocatalytic (catalyzed by the products of the reaction). Incompatible with liquid oxygen.
健康ハザード
Vapor or dust irritates eyes, mucous membranes, and skin; may cause dermatitis. Ingestion of solid or of a solution in water irritates mouth, throat, and stomach and may cause death.
火災危険
Behavior in Fire: Changes to formaldehyde gas, which is highly flammable.
安全性プロファイル
Moderately toxic by ingestion. A severe eye and skin irritant. Mutation data reported. Flammable when exposed to heat or flame; can react with oxidzing materials. To fight fire, use alcohol foam, COr, dry chemical. Incompatible with liquid oxygen. Dangerous; when heated to decomposition it emits toxic formaldehyde gas. See also FORMALDEHYDE.
職業ばく露
Paraformaldehyde is used in polyacetal
resin manufacture; as a food additive; and as an
odorless fuel.
輸送方法
UN2213 Paraformaldehyde, Hazard Class: 4.1;
Labels: 4.1-Flammable solid.
不和合性
Paraformaldehyde dust forms an explosive
mixture with air. Decomposes on contact with oxidizers,
strong acids; acid fumes; and bases; with elevated temperatures,
forming formaldehyde. May explode when heated.
May explode on impact if peroxide contamination develops.
Mixtures with hydrogen peroxide or liquid oxygen are
explosives sensitive to heat, shock, or contact with lead.
廃棄物の処理
Dissolve or mix the material
with a combustible solvent and burn in a chemical incinerator
equipped with an afterburner and scrubber. All federal,
state, and local environmental regulations must be observed.
パラホルムアルデヒド 上流と下流の製品情報
原材料
準備製品
8-CHLOROMETHYL-7-METHOXY-3-METHYL FLAVONE
2-(6-メチル-2-ピリジル)エタノール
5-(クロロメチル)-2-フランカルボン酸メチル
4,4'-ビス(ブロモメチル)ビフェニル
プロピソクロル
7-ヒドロキシ-6-メトキシ-3,4-ジヒドロイソキノリン
6-メトキシ-1,2,3,4-テトラヒドロイソキノリン塩酸塩
6-METHOXY-2-OXO-2H-CHROMENE-3-CARBOXYLIC ACID
ビス[4-(ジメチルアミノ)フェニル]メタン
ピペロニルブトキシド
5-エチル-2-ピリジンエタノール
2-(1H-イミダゾール-1-イルメチル)-2-フェニルヘキサンニトリル
Fluorescent Brightener DCB
4，4'-ビス(クロロメチル)ビフェニル
ナフチフィン
crosslinking aent DTF-3
1-(クロロメチル)ナフタレン
3-アミノ-2,5-ジクロロ安息香酸
1,3-ジオキソラン
ピバル酸クロロメチル
3-メチル-2-ブテン-1-オール
2,5-ジクロロ安息香酸
2-(Methoxymethyl)-2-propenal
9,10-ビス(クロロメチル)アントラセン
1,3,5-トリス[[3,5-ビス(1,1-ジメチルエチル)-4-ヒドロキシフェニル]メチル]-1,3,5-トリアジン-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-トリオン
4-クロロ-2-ブタノン
4-(クロロメチル)-3,5-ジメチルイソオキサゾール
2-[ベンジル(メチル)アミノ]エタノール
ビス(クロロメチル)エーテル
1-ブロモメチル-2-(トリフルオロメチル)ベンゼン
トリス(ヒドロキシメチル)アミノメタン
4-ヒドロキシ-2-ブタノン
グリセロールホルマール
ヘキサクロロフェン
3-(ジメチルアミノ)プロピオフェノン塩酸塩
ブクリジン
2-ヒドロキシ-5-メチルイソフタルアルデヒド
ホルムアルデヒドジメチルアセタール
オキシフェドリン
cationic-type polyacrylamide