ビチオノール 化学特性,用途語,生産方法
外観
白色〜わずかにうすい褐色, 結晶性粉末〜粉末又は塊
溶解性
アセトンに溶ける。
解説
ビチオノール，肺吸虫症の特効薬として知られる駆虫剤。無味無臭の白色または類白色の結晶または結晶性粉末で、水に溶けにくい。製剤は錠剤（「ビチン錠」）で、1錠中に200ミリグラム含有。
小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ) ）
用途
肺吸虫をはじめ、肝蛭(かんてつ)、横川吸虫、広節裂頭条虫、無鉤(むこう)条虫などの駆除に用いられる。
用法
用法は1日体重1キログラム当り30～50ミリグラム、2～3回に分けて食後に経口投与する。投与は隔日とし、10～20日間を1クールとする。反復使用の場合には2～3週間の休薬期間を置く。
効能
駆虫薬
副作用
副作用として下痢をはじめ、悪心や過敏症などがみられる。
化学的特性
Bithionol is a white or grayish powder with a
slight phenolic odor.
物理的性質
Bithionol is virtually insoluble in water, readily soluble in ethanol, diethyl ether, acetone, glacial acetic acid, and dilute alkalis.
使用
anthelmintic, antiseptic
定義
ChEBI: An aryl sulfide that is diphenyl sulfide in which each phenyl group is substituted at position 2 by hydroxy and at positions 3 and 5 by chlorine. A fungicide and anthelmintic, it was used in various topical drug products for the treatment of liver flukes,
ut withdrawn after being shown to be a potent photosensitizer with the potential to cause serious skin disorders.
適応症
Bithionol (Actamer) is a phenolic derivative whose
mode of action is related to uncoupling of parasitespecific
fumarate reductase–mediated oxidative phosphorylation.
The drug is administered orally and is absorbed
from the intestinal tract. Peak blood levels are achieved in
4 to 8 hours. Excretion is mainly by the kidneys.
Bithionol is used in treatment of F. hepatica infections
and as an alternative to praziquantel in the treatment
of infestation by P. westermani. It is highly active
against the adult worm but exerts no action against the
migratory stages. A second course of treatment is required
for complete cure in 20 to 30% of patients.
Side effects are generally mild and transient; they
include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, headache, dizziness,
urticaria, and other skin rashes in 50% of patients.
世界保健機関（WHO）
Bithionol, which has bactericidal and anthelminthic activity, was
formerly available in soaps. By the late 1960s use of such preparations had been
associated with a risk of photosensitivity reactions and cross-sensitivity with other
halogenated disinfectants. This resulted in their withdrawal in the USA. Oral
preparations of bithionol remain available for the treatment of paragonimiasis and
fascioliasis.
一般的な説明
White or grayish white crystalline powder with a very faint aromatic or phenolic odor.
空気と水の反応
Insoluble in water.
反応プロフィール
Bithionol is incompatible with acids, diazo and azo compounds, halocarbons, isocyanates, aldehydes, alkali metals, nitrides, hydrides, and other strong reducing agents. Reactions with these materials may generate heat and toxic or flammable gases.
危険性
Toxic by ingestion.
健康ハザード
ACUTE/CHRONIC HAZARDS: Bithionol is a skin irritant. When heated to decomposition or upon contact with acid or acid fumes, toxic fumes are evolved.
火災危険
Flash point data is not available for Bithionol, but Bithionol is probably combustible.
作用機序
Biothionol is bis-dichlorophenol, and it is structurally similar to hexachlorophene. It is the
antihelmintic drug of choice for treating humans infected with Fasciola hepatica. It is an
alternative drug to praziquantel that is used for treating pulmonary and cerebral paragonimiasis. The exact mechanism of action is not known, although it seems likely that it
inhibits oxidative phosphorylation in Paeagonumus westermani. Synonyms of this drug
are actamer, bitin, prevenol, and others.
臨床応用
2,2’-Thiobis(4,6-dichlorophenol), or bis(2-hydroxy-3,5-dichlorophenyl)sulfide (Lorothidol, Bithin), a chlorinatedbisphenol, was formerly used in soaps and cosmetics for itsantimicrobial properties but was removed from the marketfor topical use because of reports of contact photodermatitis.Bithionol has useful anthelmintic properties and hasbeen used as a fasciolicide and taeniacide. It is still consideredthe agent of choice for the treatment of infestationscaused by the liver fluke Fasciola hepatica and the lungfluke Paragonimus westermani. Niclosamide is believed tobe superior to it for the treatment of tapeworm infestations.
職業ばく露
It is used as a surfactant-formulated
antimicrobial against bacteria, molds and yeast. It is proposed
as an agricultural fungicide. Other uses include deodorant,
germicide, fungistat, and in the manufacture of pharmaceuticals.
It is no longer allowed to be used in cosmetics. A food
additive in feed and drinking water of animals. Also a food
additive permitted in food for human consumption.
輸送方法
UN2811 Toxic solids, organic, n.o.s., Hazard
Class: 6.1; Labels: 6.1—Poisonous materials, Technical
Name Required.
不和合性
Incompatible with oxidizers (chlorates,
nitrates, peroxides, permanganates, perchlorates, chlorine,
bromine, fluorine, etc.); contact may cause fires or explosions.
Keep away from alkaline materials, strong bases,
strong acids, oxoacids, epoxides.
ビチオノール 上流と下流の製品情報
原材料
準備製品