アンチモン(III)トリクロリド 化学特性,用途語,生産方法
外観
白色～わずかにうすい黄色, 結晶～結晶性粉末
溶解性
水に易溶 (910.1g/20℃), エタノールに可溶。塩酸及びエタノールに極めて溶けやすい。少量の水には溶けるが、多量の水によって不溶性の塩化酸化物が生じる。この塩化酸化物は酒石酸溶液に溶ける。
解説
融点73.4℃，沸点223℃，比重3.14(20℃)。潮解性が強く，放置すると粘い半液状となることが多く，アンチモンバターの名で古くから知られている。水に溶解するとオキシ塩化アンチモン(III)SbOCl(塩化アンチモニルともいう)を生じ，酸性を呈して濁る。
用途
ビタミンAや類似のカロテノイドの検出試薬として用いられ、その方法はカールプライス反応 (Carr-Price reaction) あるいはカールプライス試験と呼ばれる。塩化アンチモン(III) はカロテノイドと反応させると青色の錯体を形成するので、これを比色分析によって測定する。
使用上の注意
潮解性が強く、湿気を吸収してバター状に変化する
化学的特性
Antimony trichloride is a noncombustible,
clear, colorless, crystalline solid. Acrid, pungent odor.
物理的性質
Colorless crystalline solid; orthorhombic crystal; hygroscopic; density 3.14 g/cm
3; melts at 73.4°C; boils at 220.3°C; readily dissolves in water undergoing hydrolysis; soluble in dilute hydrochloric acid, ethanol, acetone, benzene, dioxane and CS
2.
使用
Antimony Trichloride is used as a chlorinating agent, as a fireproofing agent in textiles; in bronzing steel and as a mordant in dyeing as well as a caustic in medicine. It is also used as an apoptosis agent that is used to detect cholesterols and carotenoids.
製造方法
SbCl
3 is prepared by reaction of chlorine with antimony, antimony trioxide or antimony trisulfide. It also may be made by treating antimony trioxide with concentrated hydrochloric acid.
定義
ChEBI: An inorganic chloride salt with formula SbCl3. It is used as a reagent for detecting vitamin A and related carotenoids, reacting with the carotenoid to form a blue complex that can be measured by colorimetry (the Carr-Price test). Solu
ions of antimony trichloride were formerly used for dissolving and removing horn stubs from calves and goats.
調製方法
Although manufacture from antimony metal and chlorine is expensive, it is feasible on a small scale. The best procedure is to react chlorine with antimony metal in liquid antimony trichloride or concentrated hydrochloric acid. In the first case the temperature can be as high as 200 ℃. Equally good results are obtained by dissolving antimony oxides in hot, concentrated hydrochloric acid. Distillation of the crude product or its solution in strong hydrochloric acid in the presence of some metallic antimony or iron (to reduce antimony(V) and iron(III) compounds) then yields pure antimony trichloride.
一般的な説明
Antimony trichloride is a colorless crystalline solid. Antimony trichloride is shipped as a solid or liquid solution. Antimony trichloride is decomposed slowly by water to hydrochloric acid and antimony oxychloride. Antimony oxychloride is soluble in hydrochloric acid but insoluble in water. Antimony trichloride is corrosive to metals and tissue.
空気と水の反応
Fumes in air to form hydrochloric acid [Merck 11th ed. 1989]. Decomposed by water to form hydrochloric acid and antimony oxychloride.
反応プロフィール
Acidic salts, such as ANTIMONY TRICHLORIDE, are generally soluble in water. The resulting solutions contain moderate concentrations of hydrogen ions and have pH's of less than 7.0. They react as acids to neutralize bases. These neutralizations generate heat, but less or far less than is generated by neutralization of inorganic acids, inorganic oxoacids, and carboxylic acid. They usually do not react as either oxidizing agents or reducing agents but such behavior is not impossible. Many of these compounds catalyze organic reactions.
危険性
Corrosive liquid or solid. Very irritating to
eyes, skin.
健康ハザード
TOXIC; inhalation, ingestion or contact (skin, eyes) with vapors, dusts or substance may cause severe injury, burns or death. Reaction with water or moist air will release toxic, corrosive or flammable gases. Reaction with water may generate much heat that will increase the concentration of fumes in the air. Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may be corrosive and/or toxic and cause pollution.
火災危険
Non-combustible, substance itself does not burn but may decompose upon heating to produce corrosive and/or toxic fumes. Vapors may accumulate in confined areas (basement, tanks, hopper/tank cars etc.). Substance will react with water (some violently), releasing corrosive and/or toxic gases and runoff. Contact with metals may evolve flammable hydrogen gas. Containers may explode when heated or if contaminated with water.
安全性プロファイル
Moderately toxic by
ingestion. Human pulmonary system effects
by inhalation. Corrosive by vigorous
reaction with moisture, generating heat and
hydrogen chloride gas (a strong irritant),
whch can cause pulmonary edema when
inhaled. Systemic effects can be caused by
the antimony. See also ANTIMONY
COMPOUNDS. Experimental reproductive
effects. Mutation data reported. When
heated to decomposition it emits very toxic
fumes of chlorine and antimony. It can react
violently with aluminum, potassium,
sodmm.
職業ばく露
It is used to make antimony salts and
drugs; to fireproof textiles; and as a catalyst in many
organic reactions; as a reagent for chloral, aromatic hydrocarbons,
vitamin A, and for drug identification.
輸送方法
UN1733 Antimony trichloride, Hazard class: 8;
Labels: 8-Corrosive material.
純化方法
Dry the trichloride over P2O5 or by mixing it with toluene or xylene and distilling (water is carried off with the organic solvent), then distil it twice under dry nitrogen at 50mm, and sublime it twice in a vacuum into ampoules and seal. It can be crystallised from CS2 and is deliquescent. It fumes in moist air and is decomposed by H2O with precipitation of the basic chloride, but forms a clear solution in dilute HCl.
不和合性
Decomposes in water, forming hydrochloric
acid and antimony oxychloride. Reacts violently
with strong bases; ammonia, alkali metals; aluminum,
potassium, sodium. Forms explosive mixture with perchloric
acid when hot. Reacts with air forming hydrochloric
acid. Attacks metals in the presence of moisture, forming
explosive hydrogen gas.
廃棄物の処理
Consult with environmental
regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal
practices. Generators of waste containing this contaminant
(≥100 kg/mo) must conform with EPA regulations governing
storage, transportation, treatment, and waste disposal.
アンチモン(III)トリクロリド 上流と下流の製品情報
原材料
準備製品