テトラフルオロエテン 化学特性,用途語,生産方法
性質
C2F4(100.02)．CF2=CF2．テトラフルオロエテン，略記号TFF．フレオン-22CHClF2を650～800 ℃ に加熱した白金，銀，炭素などの入った管に通すと，脱塩化水素して90％ 収率で得られる．また，フレオン-114CClF2CClF2を亜鉛末で脱塩素しても得られる．無色無臭の液体で，空気中で燃焼する．凝固点－142.5 ℃，沸点－76.3 ℃．臨界温度33.3 ℃．臨界圧40.2 kg cm－2．非常に重合しやすく重合熱が大きい．過酸化ベンゾイルなどを触媒として乳化また懸濁重合させたり，エテン，プロペンなどと共重合させ，フッ素樹脂として用いられる．
用途
フッ素樹脂、含フッ素化合物の原料
説明
Tetrafluoroethylene is a synthetic, colorless, flammable gas that is insoluble in water. Tetrafluoroethylene is used primarily in the synthesis of polytetrafluoroethylene resins. It is also used as a monomer in the synthesis of copolymers and as a propellant for food product aerosols. When heated to decomposition, tetrafluoroethylene emits highly toxic fluorocarbon fumes. The primary route of human exposure to this compound is inhalation. Acute inhalation exposure to tetrafluoroethylene may result in irritation of the respiratory tract and buildup of fluid in the lungs (pulmonary edema). Contact with this gas can cause eye irritation. This chemical is reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen. (NCI05)
化学的特性
Tetrafluoroethylene is a colorless, flammable gas. Heavier than air. insoluble in water. soluble in acetone.
使用
In manufacture of polymers and synthesis of fluorinated refrigerants, dielectric media and solvents. In vinyl polymerization, cycloalkylation and addition reactions.
製造方法
Tetrafluoroethylene (TFE) is manufactured from chloroform. Chloroform is fluorinated by reaction with hydrogen fluoride to produce chlorodifluoromethane (R-22). Pyrolysis of chlorodifluoromethane then yields TFE.
CHCl3 + 2 HF → CHClF2 + 2 HCl
2CHClF2 → C2F4 + 2 HCl
A laboratory synthesis entails pyrolysis of a PTFE under a vacuum. The PTFE polymer "cracks" and depending on the pressure, produces mainly C2F4.
主な応用
The main use of tetrafluoroethylene is in the manufacture of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) that is used as nonstick coatings on cookware, membranes for clothing that are both waterproof and breathable, electrical-wire casing, fire- and chemical-resistant tubing, and plumbing thread seal tape.The most widely known PTFE formulation is sold under the brand name of Teflon®. PTFE was discovered by DuPont Co. in 1938.
定義
Tetrafluoroethene is a fluorocarbon. It is a gaseous organic compound (a fluorocarbon and a haloalkene) used to make the plastic polytetrafluoroethene (PTFE).
一般的な説明
Tetrafluoroethylene, stabilized appears as a colorless odorless gas. Easily ignited. Vapors are heavier than air. May asphyxiate by the displacement of air. May violently polymerize under prolonged exposure to fire or heat, violently rupturing the container. Under prolonged exposure to fire or heat the containers may rupture violently and rocket. Water insoluble.
空気と水の反応
Flammable. Forms polymeric peroxides that are explosive [Bretherick 1979 p. 164].
反応プロフィール
Tetrafluoroethylene reacts with air (oxygen) to form polymeric peroxides that are explosive [Bretherick 1979 p. 164]. Probably susceptible to similar reactions with a number of oxidizing agents.May polymerize violently (inhibitor tends to prevent this reaction). May react violently with aluminum. Contamination of a tetrafluoroethylene gas supply system led to a reaction between the inhibitor, limonene, and the contaminant, iodine pentafluoride. This initiated an explosive polymerization event [MCA Case History No. 1520].
危険性
Flammable, dangerous fire risk. Kidney and
liver damage; kidney and liver cancer. Possible carcinogen.
健康ハザード
Inhalation causes irritation of respiratory system. Contact with eyes causes slight irritation.
安全性プロファイル
Confirmed carcinogen. Mildly toxic by inhalation. Can act as an asphyxiant and may have other toxic properties. The gas is flammable when exposed to heat or flame. The inhibited monomer will explode if igntted. Explosive in the form of vapor when exposed to heat or flame. Will explode at pressures above 2.7 bar if limonene inhbitor is not added. Iodine pentafluoride depletes the limonene inhbitor and then causes explosive polymerization of the monomer. Mixtures with hexafluoropropene and air form an explosive peroxide. Reacts violently with SO3; air; dfluoromethylene dihypofluorite; loxygen difluoride; iodine pentafluoride; oxygen. When heated to decomposition it emits highly toxic fumes of F-. See also FLUORIDES.
職業ばく露
A potential danger to those involved in the production of TFE and the manufacture of fluorocarbon polymers.
発がん性
Tetrafluoroethylene is reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen based on sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity from studies in experimental animals (NTP 1997).
不和合性
Reacts with air. Hazardous polymerization may occur unless inhibited. Will explode at pressures above 2.7 bar if terpene inhibitor is not added. Inhibited monomer can decompose explosively in fire, under pressure, or upon contact with materials with which it can react exothermically. Violent reaction with oxygen, oxidizers, sulfur trioxide; halogen compounds.
廃棄物の処理
Return refillable compressed gas cylinders to supplier. Nonrefillable cylinders should be disposed of in accordance with local, state and federal regulations. Allow remaining gas to vent slowly into atmosphere in an unconfined area or exhaust hood. Refillable-type cylinders should be returned to original supplier with any valve caps and outlet plugs secured and valve protection caps in place.
テトラフルオロエテン 上流と下流の製品情報
原材料
準備製品
ヘキサフルオロアセトン
potassium ω-hydroperfluroheptylate
四フっ化樹脂
1,2-ジブロモ-1,1,2,2-テトラフルオロエタン
perfluorinated sulfonic acid resin
perfluoroalkylether potassium sulfonate
3,5-ジクロロ-4-(1,1,2,2-テトラフルオロエトキシ)アニリン
1,1,1,2,3,3-ヘキサフルオロ-2-プロペン
テトラフルオロオキシラン
メチル2,2,3,3,3-ペンタフルオロプロピルエーテル
1,3-ジブロモ-1,1,2,2,3,3-ヘキサフルオロプロパン
1,4-ジブロモオクタフルオロブタン
1H,1H,9H-ヘキサデカフルオロ-1-ノナノール