(±)-カンファー 化学特性,用途語,生産方法
外観
本品は無色又は白色半透明の結晶，結晶性の粉末又は塊
で，特異な芳香があり，味はわずかに苦く，清涼味がある．
本品はエタノール(95)，ジエチルエーテル又は二硫化炭素
に溶けやすく，水に溶けにくい．
本品は室温で徐々に揮散する．
定義
本品は、次の式で表されるケトンであり、クスノキ Cinnamomum camphora の木部から得られるか、又は合成される。
解説
(±)-カンファー，有機溶剤に可溶．昇華性がある．香料，防虫剤に用いられる．
森北出版「化学辞典（第2版）
用途
興奮剤、香料、防虫剤、セルロイド、フィルムの可塑剤、塗料ワニス
化粧品の成分用途
変性剤、可塑剤、外用鎮痛剤、香料
製造
(±)-カンファー，カンファーまたはカンフルともいう．二環性モノテルペンケトン．クスノキCinnamomum camphoraに含まれている．クスノキの細片を水蒸気蒸留し，留出するショウノウ油を冷却すると粗結晶が析出する．昇華するか再結晶すれば右旋性のd-ショウノウが得られる．
効能
鎮痛薬, 抗炎症薬, 鎮痒薬
商品名
dl−カンフル (小堺製薬)
確認試験
本品0.1gをメタノール2mLに溶かし，2,4－ジニト
ロフェニルヒドラジン試液1mLを加えた後，水浴上で5分間
加熱するとき，だいだい赤色の沈殿を生じる．
定量法
本品及びdl－カンフル標準品約0.1gずつを精密に量り，
それぞれに内標準溶液5mLを正確に加えた後，エタノール
(99.5)に溶かして100mLとし，試料溶液及び標準溶液とする．
試料溶液及び標準溶液2μLにつき，次の条件でガスクロマト
グラフィーにより試験を行い，内標準物質のピーク
面積に対するdl－カンフルのピーク面積の比Q T及びQ Sを求
める．
dl－カンフル(C10H16O)の量(mg)＝MS × Q T／Q S
MS：dl－カンフル標準品の秤取量(mg)
内標準溶液 サリチル酸メチルのエタノール(99.5)溶液(1
→25)
試験条件
検出器：水素炎イオン化検出器
カラム：内径3mm，長さ3mのガラス管に，ガスクロマ
トグラフィー用ポリエチレングリコール20Mをシラ
ン処理した180～250μmのガスクロマトグラフィー用
ケイソウ土に10％の割合で被覆したものを充てんす
る．
カラム温度：160℃付近の一定温度
キャリヤーガス：窒素
流量：dl－カンフルの保持時間が約6分になるように調
整する．
システム適合性
システムの性能：標準溶液2μLにつき，上記の条件で操
作するとき，dl－カンフル，内標準物質の順に流出し，
その分離度は7以上である．
システムの再現性：標準溶液2μLにつき，上記の条件で
試験を6回繰り返すとき，内標準物質のピーク面積に
対するdl－カンフルのピーク面積の比の相対標準偏差
は1.0％以下である．
純度試験
(１) 水分 本品1.0gに二硫化炭素10mLを加えて振り混ぜ
るとき，液は濁らない．
(２) 塩素化合物 本品を粉末とし，その0.20gを乾燥した
磁製るつぼにとり，過酸化ナトリウム0.4gを加え，バーナー
で徐々に加熱して完全に分解する．残留物を温湯20mLに溶
かし，希硝酸12mLを加えて酸性とした後，ネスラー管中に
ろ過し，ろ紙を熱湯5mLずつで3回洗い，ろ液及び洗液を合
わせる．冷後，水を加えて50mLとし，硝酸銀試液1mLを加
えてよく振り混ぜ，5分間放置するとき，液の混濁は次の比
較液より濃くない．
比較液：0.01mol/L塩酸0.20mLを用いて同様に操作する．
(３) 不揮発性残留物 本品2.0gを水浴上で加熱して昇華し，
更に105℃で3時間乾燥するとき，残留物は1.0mg以下であ
る．
貯法
容器 気密容器．
説明
Camphor was recorded in the ancient books of traditional Chinese medicine, such
as Pin Hui Jing Yao, Ben Cao Gang Mu, and Sheng Lian Fang. There has been a
long history for traditional Chinese medicine to use camphor.
化学的特性
Camphor, C1oH160, also known as d-2-camphanone, Japan camphor, laurel camphor,Formosa camphor,and gumcamphor,is a terpene ketone. It is
colourless solid with a characteristic odour that is obtained from the wood and bark of the camphor tree and is soluble in water and alcohol. It has two optically active forms (dextro and levo) and an optically inactive mixture (racemic) of these two forms. Camphor is used in pharmaceuticals,in disinfectants, in explosives,and to harden nitrocellulose plastics.
物理的性質
Colorless to white, flammable granules, crystals or waxy semi-solid with a strong, penetrating,
fragrant or aromatic odor. Odor threshold concentration is 0.27 ppm (quoted, Amoore and
Hautala, 1983).
来歴
The research and development process of camphor has gone through from the natural
product extraction to the modern chemical drug synthesis. For a long time,
the Chinese extracted camphor mainly from camphor tree (Cinnamomum camphora),
root bark of bodinier cinnamon, and Yunnan camphor tree. With the development
of chemical industry, human beings started to use chemical synthesis
methods to obtain a large amount of camphor. At present, the chemical synthesis
process of camphor in China has been well developed. The synthetic camphor is
divided into industrial and pharmaceutical grades. The industrial grade camphor has
a content of up to 96% or higher, and the pharmaceutical grade camphor with high
purity can meet the standard of pharmacopeia.
使用
camphor (Cinnamomum camphora) is credited with anesthetic, antiinflammatory, antiseptic, astringent, cooling, and refreshing properties, and thought to be slightly stimulating to blood circulation and function. once absorbed by the subcutaneous tissue, it combines in the body with glucoronic acid and is released through the urine. Camphor is effective for oily and acne skin treatment, and has a scent similar to eucalyptus. In high concentrations, it can be an irritant and numb the peripheral sensory nerves. natural camphor is derived from an evergreen tree indigenous to Asia, although now its synthetic substitute is often used.
適応症
Camphor is a ketone which, when applied in 1% to 3% concentration, has mild
antipruritic effects through its anesthetic and counterirritant properties. Counterirritants
are substances that, by inducing other sensations such as coolness or warmth,
‘‘crowd out’’ the perception of pain or itch. Camphor is used in various OTC topical
analgesic products in concentrations as high as 9%.
定義
A ketone occurring naturally in the wood of the cam-
phor tree (Cinnamomum camphora).
世界保健機関（WHO）
Camphor, an aromatic crystalline substance with mild local
anaesthetic activity, is available in preparations for both external application and
inhalation. The use of such preparations has precipitated convulsions in
susceptible infants. This has led several regulatory authorities to require the
inclusion of appropriate warnings on labelling.
一般的な説明
A colorless or white colored crystalline powder with a strong mothball-like odor. About the same density as water. Emits flammable vapors above 150°F. Used to make moth proofings, pharmaceuticals, and flavorings.
空気と水の反応
Highly flammable. Slightly soluble in water.
反応プロフィール
Naphthalene, Camphor, glycerol, or turpentine will react violently with chromic anhydride [Haz. Chem. Data 1967 p. 68].
危険性
Evolves flammable and explosive vapors
when heated. Eye and upper respiratory tract irri-
tant, and anosmia. Questionable carcinogen.
健康ハザード
Vapors of camphor can irritate the eyes, nose,and throat. In humans, such irritation may be felt at >3 ppm concentration. Prolongedexposure can cause headache, dizziness, andloss of sense of smell. Ingestion can causeheadache, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea,and at high dosages can lead to convulsion,dyspnea, and coma. High dosages can beharmful to gastrointestinal tracts, kidney,and brain.
LD50 value, intraperitoneal (mice): 3000mg/kg.
火災危険
Flammable/combustible material. May be ignited by friction, heat, sparks or flames. Some may burn rapidly with flare burning effect. Powders, dusts, shavings, borings, turnings or cuttings may explode or burn with explosive violence. Substance may be transported in a molten form at a temperature that may be above its flash point. May re-ignite after fire is extinguished.
臨床応用
Camphor is mainly used for the treatment of pruritic skin diseases, fibrous tissue
inflammation, neuralgia, and influenza.
毒性学
Camphor is a very toxic compound which can prove fatal for infants and children on ingestion even in very small doses. Camphor products are toxic and especially dangerous to young children. Mouthing or eating camphor can cause seizures. Applying balms or ointments in large amounts and adding it to the water of a room humidifier may also cause children to seize. The onset of symptoms may occur very quickly - as early as 5 to 20 minutes.
安全性プロファイル
A human poison by
ingestion and possibly other routes. An
experimental poison by inhalation,
subcutaneous, and intraperitoneal routes. A
local irritant. Ingestion causes nausea,
vomiting, dizziness, excitation, and
convulsions. Mutation data reported. Used
職業ばく露
Camphor, a natural product, is used as
a plasticizer for cellulose esters and ethers; it is used in lacquers and varnishes; and in explosives and pyrotechnics formulations. It is used as a moth repellent and as a medicinal.
発がん性
Camphor was not teratogenic to rats or
rabbits when administered orally during the
fetal period of organogenesis at doses up
to 1000mg/kg body weight (bw)/day or
681mg/kg bw/day, respectively.9 Signs of
maternal toxicity included clonic convulsions,
reduced motility, and reduced body weight gain
in rats and reduced food consumption and body
weight gain in rabbits.
輸送方法
UN2717 Camphor, synthetic, Hazard Class: 4.1;
Labels: 4.1-Flammable solid. UN1130 camphor oil, Hazard
Class: 3; Labels: 3-Flammable liquid
不和合性
May form explosive mixture with air.
Violent, possibly explosive, reaction with strong oxidizers,
especially chromic anhydride, potassium permanganate.
May accumulate static electrical charges, and may cause
ignition of its vapors.
廃棄物の処理
ncineration of a solution in a
flammable solven.
(±)-カンファー 上流と下流の製品情報
原材料
準備製品