シクロペンタン 化学特性,用途語,生産方法
外観
無色～ほとんど無色, 澄明の液体
準備
5員環の炭化水素。シクロペンタ，常温で無色の可燃性液体。融点－93.46℃，沸点49.26℃。1,4‐ジブロモブタンとマロン酸ジエチルとをナトリウムエトキシドの存在下に反応させて得られる1,1‐シクロペンタンジカルボン酸ジエチルを，加水分解，脱炭酸してシクロペンタンカルボン酸とし，さらにこれを脱炭酸して合成する。
最も安定な配座は，下図のように4個の炭素原子が同一平面上に並び，残りの1個の炭素原子がその面の外に位置した〈封筒形〉と呼ばれる配座である。
溶解性
水に不溶, エタノール, エーテルに混和。エタノール及びアセトンに極めて溶けやすく、水にほとんど溶けない。
解説
C5H10(70.13)．ガソリンの精密分留によって得られるが，ペンタンの高温脱水素環化によっても合成される．
"無色の液体．融点－94 ℃，沸点49.3 ℃．シクロパラフィン中ではもっとも安定である．[CAS 287-92-3]
森北出版「化学辞典（第2版）
用途
有機合成原料、溶剤。
用途
セルロースエーテル用溶剤、自動車燃料、共沸蒸留用
化学的特性
Cyclopentane is a colourless flammable acyclic hydrocarbon liquid with a petrol-like smell. It is a widely used component in preparing products like analgesics, insecticides, sedatives, antitumor agents and also finds application in pharmaceutical industry.
物理的性質
Colorless, mobile, flammable liquid with an odor resembling cyclohexane.
使用
Cyclopentane is a petroleum product. Itis formed from high-temperature catalyticcracking of cyclohexane or by reduction ofcyclopentadiene. It occurs in petroleum etherfractions and in many commercial solvents.It is used as a solvent for paint, in extractionsof wax and fat, and in the shoe industry.
調製方法
Cyclopentane occurs in petroleum ether fractions and is
prepared by cracking cyclohexane in the presence of alumina
at high temperature and pressure or by reduction of cyclopentadiene.
定義
ChEBI: A cycloalkane that consists of five carbons each bonded with two hydrogens above and below the plane. The parent of the class of cyclopentanes.
一般的な説明
A clear colorless liquid with a petroleum-like odor. Flash point of -35°F. Less dense than water and insoluble in water. Vapors are heavier than air.
空気と水の反応
Highly flammable. Insoluble in water.
反応プロフィール
CYCLOPENTANE is incompatible with strong oxidizing agents such as chlorine, bromine, fluorine. .
健康ハザード
Cyclopentane is a low-acute toxicant. Itsexposure at high concentrations may producedepression of the central nervous system withsymptoms of excitability, loss of equilibrium,stupor, and coma. Respiratory failure may occur in rats from 30–60 minutes’ exposureto 100,000–120,000 ppm in air. It is anirritant to the upper respiratory tract, skin,and eyes. No information is available inthe literature on the chronic effects fromprolonged exposure to cyclopentane.
火災危険
Behavior in Fire: Containers may explode.
化学反応性
Reactivity with Water No reaction; Reactivity with Common Materials: No reaction; Stability During Transport: Stable; Neutralizing Agents for Acids and Caustics: Not pertinent; Polymerization: Not pertinent; Inhibitor of Polymerization: Not pertinent.
安全性プロファイル
Mildly toxic by
ingestion and inhalation. High
concentrations have narcotic action. A very
dangerous fire hazard when exposed to heat
or flame; can react with oxidizers. To fight
fire, use foam, CO2, dry chemical. When
heated to decomposition it emits acrid
smoke and fumes.
職業ばく露
Cyclopentane is used as a solvent.
環境運命予測
Biological. Cyclopentane may be oxidized by microbes to cyclopentanol, which may oxidize to
cyclopentanone (Dugan, 1972).
Photolytic. The following rate constants were reported for the reaction of octane and OH
radicals in the atmosphere: 3.7 x 10
-12 cm
3/molecule?sec at 300 K (Hendry and Kenley, 1979); 5.40
x 10
-12 cm
3/molecule?sec (Atkinson, 1979); 4.83 x 10
-12 cm
3/molecule?sec at 298 K (DeMore and
Bayes, 1999); 6.20 x 10
-12, 5.24 x 10
-12, and 4.43 x 10
-12 cm
3/molecule?sec at 298, 299, and 300 K,
respectively (Atkinson, 1985), 5.16 x 10
-12 cm
3/molecule?sec at 298 K (Atkinson, 1990), and 5.02
x 10
-12 cm
3/mol·sec at 295 K (Droege and Tilly, 1987).
Chemical/Physical. Cyclopentane will not hydrolyze because it has no hydrolyzable functional
group. Complete combustion in air yields carbon dioxide and water.
At elevated temperatures, rupture of the ring occurs forming ethylene and presumably allene
and hydrogen (Rice and Murphy, 1942).
輸送方法
UN1146 Cyclopentane, Hazard Class: 3; Labels:
3-Flammable liquid.
純化方法
Free it from cyclopentene by two passages through a column of carefully dried and degassed activated silica gel. It occurs in petroleum and is HIGHLY FLAMMABLE. [NMR: Christl Chem Ber 108 2781 1975, Whitesides et al. 41 2882 1976, Beilstein 5 III 10, 5 IV 4.]
不和合性
May form explosive mixture with air.
May accumulate static electrical charges, and may cause
ignition of its vapors. Contact with strong oxidizers may
cause fire and explosion.
廃棄物の処理
Dissolve or mix the material
with a combustible solvent and burn in a chemical incinera-
tor equipped with an afterburner and scrubber. All federal,
state, and local environmental regulations must be
observed.
シクロペンタン 上流と下流の製品情報
原材料
準備製品
