硝酸リチウム 化学特性,用途語,生産方法
外観
白色, 結晶～結晶性粉末
溶解性
水に可溶 (45.8g/100g, 25℃), エタノールに可溶。水に溶けやすく、エタノールにやや溶けやすい。
用途
分析におけるLiイオン供給源。蛍光X線分析用試料調製酸化剤。電池研究用。
用途
分析におけるLiイオン供給源、電池研究用。
用途
実験試薬、熱交換媒体、ロケットの推進薬、花火の打ち上げ及びセラミック。また、他の塩とともに加硫のための共晶融解溶液として使用される。硝酸カリウムとの混合物は商品名「SABALITH」として使用される。
使用上の注意
吸湿性が強く、潮解性があるアルゴン封入
化学的特性
Lithium nitrate is a colorless deliquescent powder, enthalpy of fusion 24.90 kJ/mol; can be prepared by reaction of HNO3 with LiOH or Li2CO3, followed by evaporation to dryness and then heating at ~200°C in vacuum; used in ceramics, pyrotechnics, molten salt baths, rocket propellants, refrigerators. [HAW93] [CRC10] [MER06] [KIR81] [FMC93]
使用
Lithium nitrate can be used in special pyrotechnic devices to give a red flame. Lithium nitrate may also be used in combination with other salts, particularly nitrates, to produce low-melting fused salt mixtures.
Used in ceramics, heat-exchange media, refrigeration systems.
定義
ChEBI: The inorganic nitrate salt of lithium.
製造方法
Lithium nitrate is readily prepared industrially or in the laboratory by the reaction of
lithium hydroxide or lithium carbonate with nitric acid. The resulting solution is evaporated
and the solid is dried to obtain anhydrous lithium nitrate. Lithium nitrate is very soluble in
water. The compound absorbs moisture from the air. Below about 30 °C it crystallizes
from solution as lithium nitrate trihydrate; above that temperature the anhydrous material
precipitates although the question of the existence of a half-hydrate is not entirely settled.
一般的な説明
A white to light yellow colored crystalline solid. Denser than water. Contact with the material may cause irritation to skin, eyes, and mucous membranes. May be toxic by ingestion. May cause the acceleration of the burning of combustible materials. Prolonged exposure to heat or flames may result in an explosion.
空気と水の反応
Deliquescent. Soluble in water.
反応プロフィール
Lithium nitrate is an oxidizing agent. Mixtures with alkyl esters may explode owing to the formation of alkyl nitrates; mixtures with phosphorus, tin(II) chloride, or other reducing agents may react explosively [Bretherick 1979. p. 108-109].
健康ハザード
Inhalation, ingestion or contact (skin, eyes) with vapors or substance may cause severe injury, burns or death. Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause pollution.
火災危険
These substances will accelerate burning when involved in a fire. Some may decompose explosively when heated or involved in a fire. May explode from heat or contamination. Some will react explosively with hydrocarbons (fuels). May ignite combustibles (wood, paper, oil, clothing, etc.). Containers may explode when heated. Runoff may create fire or explosion hazard.
職業ばく露
Lithium nitrate is used in ceramics,
pyrotechnics, salt baths; refrigeration systems; and rocket
propellants
輸送方法
UN2722 Lithium nitrate, Hazard Class: 5.1;
Labels: 5.1-Oxidizer
純化方法
It crystallises from water or EtOH. Dry it at 180o for several days by repeated melting under vacuum. If it is crystallised from water keeping the temperature above 70o, formation of trihydrate is avoided. The anhydrous salt is dried at 120o and stored in a vacuum desiccator over CaSO4. After the 99% pure salt was recrystallised 3times, it contained: metal (ppm) Ca (1.6), K (1.1), Mo (0.4), Na (2.2). [Donnan & Burt J Chem Soc 83 335 1903.]
不和合性
May explode when exposed to sparks,
shock and heat. Violent reactions with combustible materials;
oxidizers, organic materials; reducing agents; strong acids
硝酸リチウム 上流と下流の製品情報
原材料
準備製品