トリアセチン 化学特性,用途語,生産方法
外観
無色澄明の液体
定義
本品は、酢酸(*)とグリセリン(*)のトリエステルであり、次の化学式で表される。
参照表示名称：酢酸, グリセリン
溶解性
15℃で水に70%溶ける。エタノール、エーテル、ベンゼン、クロロホルムに可溶。二硫化炭素に不溶。水にやや溶けやすい。
用途
可塑剤、有機合成
用途
防腐剤クロロアゾジンの溶剤、可塑剤、化粧品工業における香料の固定剤。セルロイド、写真フィルム工業における溶剤。
化粧品の成分用途
可塑剤、溶剤、殺菌剤、香料
効能
抗真菌薬, 食品添加物
使用上の注意
金属と触れぬようにして、密閉容器中にたくわえる。
説明
§ 184.1901(a) Triacetin (C8H14O6), also known as 1,2,3-propanetriol
triacetate or glyceryl triacetate, is the triester of glycerin and acetic
acid. Triacetin can be prepared by heating glycerin with acetic
anhydride alone or in the presence of finely divided potassium
hydrogen sulfate. It can also be prepared by the reaction of oxygen
with a liquid-phase mixture of allyl acetate and acetic acid using
a bromide salt as a catalyst.
化学的特性
Triacetin is a colorless, viscous liquid with a slightly fatty odor.
天然物の起源
Reported found in papaya.
使用
As fixative in perfumery; solvent in manufacture of celluloid, photographic films. Technical triacetin (a mixture of mono-, di-, and small quantities of triacetin) as a solvent for basic dyes, particularly indulines, and tannin in dyeing.
定義
ChEBI: A triglyceride obtained by acetylation of the three hydroxy groups of glycerol. It has fungistatic properties (based on release of acetic acid) and has been used in the topical treatment of minor dermatophyte infections.
製造方法
By direct reaction of glycerol with acetic acid in the presence of Twitchell’s reagent, or in benzene solution of glycerol and
boiling acetic acid in the presence of a cationic resin (Zeo-Karb H) pretreated with dilute H2SO4.
調製方法
Triacetin is prepared by the esterification of glycerin with acetic
anhydride.
一般的な説明
Triacetin is a triester of glycerin and acetic acid that occurs naturally in papaya. It is mainly used as a synthetic flavoring agent in ice-creams, nonalcoholic beverages and baked goods.
応用例（製薬）
Triacetin is mainly used as a hydrophilic plasticizer in both aqueous
and solvent-based polymeric coating of capsules, tablets, beads, and
granules; typical concentrations used are 10–35% w/w.
Triacetin is used in cosmetics, perfumery, and foods as a solvent
and as a fixative in the formulation of perfumes and flavors.
接触アレルゲン
Triacetin is a component of cigarette filters, which
induced a contact dermatitis in a worker at a cigarette
manufactory.
臨床応用
Glyceryl triacetate (Enzactin, Fungacetin) is a colorless, oilyliquid with a slight odor and a bitter taste. The compound issoluble in water and miscible with alcohol and most organicsolvents.
The activity of triacetin is a result of the acetic acid releasedby hydrolysis of the compound by esterases presentin the skin. Acid release is a self-limiting process becausethe esterases are inhibited below pH 4.
安全性プロファイル
Poison by ingestion.
Moderately toxic by intraperitoneal,
subcutaneous, and intravenous routes. An
eye irritant. Combustible when exposed to
heat, flame, or powerful oxidizers. To fight
fire, use alcohol foam, water, CO2, dry
chemical. When heated to decomposition it
emits acrid smoke and irritating fumes.
安全性
Triacetin is used in oral pharmaceutical formulations and is
generally regarded as a relatively nontoxic and nonirritant material
at the levels employed as an excipient.
LD50 (dog, IV): 1.5 g/kg
LD50 (mouse, IP): 1.4 g/kg
LD50 (mouse, IV): 1.6 g/kg
LD50 (mouse, oral): 1.1 g/kg
LD50 (mouse, SC): 2.3 g/kg
LD50 (rabbit, IV): 0.75 g/kg
LD50 (rat, IP): 2.1 g/kg
LD50 (rat, oral): 3 g/kg
LD50 (rat, SC): 2.8 g/kg
in vitro
Litton Bionetics, Inc. (1976) evaluated the mutagenic potential of Triacetin in a plate test using Salmonella typhimurium
strains TA1535, TA1537, and TA1538 with and without metabolic activation. Test concentrations were 0.0013%, 0.00065%,
and 0.000325% and the solvent was dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO).
A negative control (solvent) and appropriate positive controls
were used and gave expected results. Triacetin was not mutagenic with or without metabolic activation.
Unichema Chemie B.V. (1994) reported that Triacetin was
not mutagenic at 50 to 5000 μg/plate in an Ames test using S.
typhimurium strains TA1535, TA1537, TA98, and TA100 with
and without metabolic activation.
貯蔵
Triacetin is stable and should be stored in a well-closed, nonmetallic
container, in a cool, dry place.
不和合性
Triacetin is incompatible with metals and may react with oxidizing
agents. Triacetin may destroy rayon fabric.
規制状況(Regulatory Status)
GRAS listed. Accepted in Europe as a food additive in certain
applications. Included in the FDA Inactive Ingredients Database
(oral capsules and tablets and gels). Included in nonparenteral
medicines licensed in the UK. Included in the Canadian List of
Acceptable Non-medicinal Ingredients.
トリアセチン 上流と下流の製品情報
原材料
準備製品