フルオロ硫酸 化学特性,用途語,生産方法
反応性
純粋で乾燥空気中ではガラスを侵さない．湿気のある空気中では発煙する．水とはげしく反応するが，加水分解は不完全で可逆的である．HSO3F ＋ H2O ⇌ H2SO4 ＋ HFHFやKFなどを溶かす．Sと反応してSO2とHFになる．アルカリ金属塩は，アルカリ金属フッ化物とSO3との反応で得られるが，安定で加水分解しにくい．フッ素化剤に用いられるほか，オレフィンのフッ化水素化(hydrofluorination)，アルキル化，アシル化，縮合，重合などの触媒，ピリジン誘導体の製造，石油工業製品の製造などに用いられる．また，HSO3FとSbF3の1：1混合溶液は超強酸とよばれ，カルボカチオンの安定な溶液をつくる．皮膚を刺激する．有毒．
解説
HSO3F(100.07)．フルオロスルホン酸ともいう．氷冷した液状の三酸化硫黄にフッ化水素気体を通じるか，または発煙硫酸とフッ化水素カリウムKHF2との反応で生じる．酸は，硫酸のOH基1個をF原子で置き換えた形の分子構造．塩は，正四面体型の [SO3F]－ を含む．S-O約1.43 Å，S-F約1.56 Å．∠O-S-O約113°，∠O-S-F約106°．室温では無色で，やや粘性のある液体．融点－87.3 ℃，沸点162.6 ℃．密度1.74 g cm－3(20 ℃)．900 ℃ まで安定である．森北出版「化学辞典（第2版）
説明
Fluorosulphuric acid (FSO3H) is a free-flowing colourless fuming liquid. It is soluble in
polar organic solvents such as acetic acid, ethyl acetate, and nitrobenzene but poorly soluble
in nonpolar solvents such as alkanes. FSO3H is corrosive to metals and body tissues,
corrodes glass, and is incompatible with many metals and bases. With its strong
acidity, FSO3H dissolves almost all organic compounds that are even weak proton acceptors.
FSO3H hydrolyses slowly to HF and sulphuric acid (H2SO4). The related triflic acid
(CF3SO3H) retains the high acidity of FSO3H but is more hydrolytically stable. FSO3H is one
of the strongest known simple Bronsted acids. FSO3H is useful for regenerating mixtures
of HF and H2SO4 for etching lead glass. FSO3H isomerises alkanes and the alkylation of
hydrocarbons with alkenes, although it is unclear if such applications are of commercial
importance. FSO3H is used as a catalyst in organic synthesis and in electroplating and as
a fluorinating agent and as a laboratory fluorinating agent. FSO3H has been reported as
a highly toxic and corrosive chemical substance. FSO3H is non-combustible but enhances
combustion of other substances. It gives off irritating or toxic fumes (or gases) in a fire.
FSO3H hydrolyses to release HF. Addition of water to FSO3H causes very violent reactions
similar to the addition of water to H2SO4. Addition of FSO3H to water is a much more violent
process than addition of H2SO4. The combination of FSO3H and others is categorised
as ‘magic acids and super acids’. Very short contact and the fumes of FSO3H cause severe
painful burns.
化学的特性
colourless liquid
使用
Catalyst in organic synthesis, electropolishing,
fluorinating agent.
一般的な説明
A fuming liquid. Boiling point 163°C. Density 1.73 g / cm3. Corrosive to metals and to tissue. Both very short contact and the fumes can cause severe painful burns. Used as a catalyst in organic synthesis, in electroplating and as a fluorinating agent.
空気と水の反応
Fumes in air. Reacts violently with water to form hydrogen fluoride and sulfuric acid mist.
反応プロフィール
FLUOROSULFONIC ACID is very strongly acidic [Merck]. Reacts exothermically with chemical bases (examples: amines, amides, and inorganic hydroxides). These reactions can generate dangerously large amounts of heat in small spaces. Reacts violently with water to generate hydrofluoric acid and sulfuric acid. Reacts with active metals, including such structural metals as aluminum and iron, to release hydrogen, a flammable gas. Can initiate the polymerization of certain alkenes. Reacts with cyanide compounds to release gaseous hydrogen cyanide. Generates flammable and/or toxic gases in contact with dithiocarbamates, isocyanates, mercaptans, nitrides, nitriles, sulfides, and strong reducing agents. Additional gas-generating reactions occur with sulfites, nitrites, thiosulfates (to give H2S and SO3), dithionites (SO2), and carbonates. May catalyze (increase the rate of) chemical reactions.
危険性
Extremely irritating to eyes and tissue.
健康ハザード
Inhalation of fumes causes severe irritation of nose and throat. Contact of liquid with eyes or skin causes very severe burns of mouth and stomach.
安全性プロファイル
Probably a poison by
inhalation. A corrosive irritant to the skin,
eyes, and mucous membranes. See also
FLUORIDES, SULFURIC ACID, and
FLUOROSULFONATES.
フルオロ硫酸 上流と下流の製品情報
原材料
準備製品