塩化チタン( Ⅳ) 化学特性,用途語,生産方法
外観
無色〜わずかにうすい黄色, 澄明の液体
溶解性
水と任意の割合で混和する。その際少し発熱する。
解説
四塩化チタン．塩化チタン(Ⅳ)ともいう．金属チタン，二酸化チタンと炭素との混合物などを加熱して，塩素ガスを作用させると得られる．純粋な四塩化チタンは無色の液体．密度1.73 g cm－3．融点－25 ℃，沸点136.4 ℃．水には溶解するが，加水分解されて塩化水素を発生する．湿った空気中では加水分解され塩化水素の白煙を生じる．エタノールに可溶．四塩化チタンに濃塩酸を加えると，クロロチタン酸イオン [TiCl6]2－ を生じ黄色となる．金属チタンの原料，煙幕剤，チーグラー-ナッタ触媒の成分，媒染剤，顔料，塗料，酸化チタン触媒の原料などに用いられる．
用途
金属工業、顔料・塗料工業、プラスチック工業、有機合成工業、化学工業、セラミック工業、フラックス、皮革工業、織物・染料工業、電子工業、蒸着材料など
用途
分析におけるチタン(IV)イオン供給源、金属チタンの製造原料、重合触媒。有機合成(和光試薬時報Vol.65 No.1,p.27(1997))。
用途
有機化学ではルイス酸として向山アルドール反応などに利用されるほか、オレフィンの重合に用いる触媒であるチーグラー?ナッタ触媒の原料としても使用される。
用途
チタン化合物の製造原料、触媒
使用上の注意
不活性ガス封入
化学的特性
Description: Titanium tetrachloride is a noncombustible, colorless to light yellow liquid that fumes in air. Penetrating acrid odor.
使用
Titanium tetrachloride is used as an intermediate in the
manufacture of titanium metal, titanium dioxide, titanous
chloride pigments, iridescent glass, and artificial pearls and as
a starting material for a variety of organic and inorganic titanium
compounds. It is also used as a dye, a polymerization
catalyst, and as a catalyst in many organic syntheses because of it acidity and oxophilicity in many applications in the chemical
industry. Titanium tetrachloride was formerly used as a smokeproducing
screen with ammonia for the military; however, due
to its extremely irritating and corrosive qualities in both liquid
and smoke formulation, military applications are rarely used.
The conversion of tetrachloride to titanium metal takes
place by the reduction of chloride with magnesium which
yields titanium metal and magnesium chloride and is referred
to as the Kroll process after its inventor:
2 Mg ＋ TiCl4→2 MgCl2 ＋ Ti
調製方法
TiCl4 is used in TiO2 production, the manufacture of artificial
pearls and iridescent glass, and, by the military, to create
smoke screens.
一般的な説明
A colorless fuming liquid with a pungent odor. Corrosive to metals and tissue. Very toxic by inhalation.
反応プロフィール
Titanium tetrachloride acts as an acid in aqueous solution. During the reduction of Titanium tetrachloride to titanium metal with potassium, an explosion occurred. The system had been heated to 90°C [Walter and Mandell 1967]. Addition directly to tetrahydrofuran caused a violent exothermic reaction [Inorg. Syn., 1982, 21, 135]. Ethylene can polymerize at low pressure if catalyzed by titanium halides. (Sundaram, K. M, M. M. Shreehan, E. F. Olszewski. thylene. Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2001.)
危険性
Toxic by inhalation, strong irritant to skin
and tissue.
健康ハザード
Titanium tetrachloride is a highly corrosive, acute irritant to the skin, eyes, mucous membranes and the respiratory tract. It is capable of causing death or permanent injury due to exposures encountered in normal use. Even short contact may lead to eye inflammation which may result in corneal opacities.
火災危険
Material will react with water to produce hydrochloric acid. Titanium tetrachloride may ignite other combustible materials (e.g., wood, oil, etc.). Flammable, poisonous gases may accumulate in tanks and hopper cars. Runoff to sewer may create fire or explosion hazard. Reacts strongly with water to release hydrochloric acid and heat. Avoid water, moist air. Stable in concentrated aqueous solutions. Avoid contact with moisture; the chemical absorbs moisture from air and evolves dense white fumes.
安全性プロファイル
Poison by inhalation. A
corrosive irritant to skin, eyes, and mucous
membranes. When heated to decomposition
it emits toxic fumes of Cl-. See also
TITANIUM COMPOUNDS.
職業ばく露
Used in the manufacture of titanium salts; mordant dye; titanium pigments; and used as a chemical intermediate for titanium metal; titanium dioxide; as an agent in smoke screens; polymerization catalyst; and iridescent agent in glass and pearl manufacturing.
発がん性
Rats exposed to 10 mg TiCl4/m
3 for 6 h/day, 5 days/week, for
2 years developed rhinitis, tracheitis, hyperplasia, foamy dust
cell accumulation, and alveolar bronchiolization. In addition,
5/150 animals developed squamous cell carcinoma, compared
to 0/156 in the controls. Two of the squamous cell
carcinomas were described as cystic keratinizing lesions,
whose relevance to humans was questioned by the authors.
However, the remaining three squamous cell tumors were
described as microscopic, well-differentiated carcinomas. Therefore, TiCl4 may be regarded as potentially
carcinogenic in the rat.
輸送方法
UN1838 Titanium tetrachloride, Hazard class: 6.1; Labels: 6.1-Poison Inhalation Hazard, 8-Corrosive material, Inhalation Hazard Zone B.
純化方法
Reflux it with mercury or a small amount of pure copper turnings to remove the last traces of colour [due to FeCl3 and VCl4], then distil it under N2 in an all-glass system, taking precautions to exclude moisture. Clabaugh et al. [J Res Nat Bur Stand 55 261 1955] removed organic material by adding aluminium chloride hexahydrate as a slurry with an equal amount of water (the slurry being ca one-fiftieth the weight of TiCl4), refluxed it for 2-6hours while bubbling in chlorine, the excess of which is subsequently removed by passing a stream of clean dry air. The TiCl4 is then distilled, refluxed with copper and again distilled, taking precautions to exclude moisture. Volatile impurities are then removed using a technique of freezing, pumping and melting. The titanium tetrachloride 2-tetrahydrofuran complex [Beilstein 17/1 V 33.] M 333.9, has m 126-128o and is easier to handle than TiCl4 [Abrahamson et al. Organometallics 3 1379 1984]. [Baxter & Fertig J Am Chem Soc 45 1228 1923, Baxter & Butler J Am Chem Soc 48 3117 1926.] HARMFUL VAPOURS.
不和合性
Violent reaction with water or steam, releasing heat and hydrogen chloride fumes. Contact with moist air releases hydrogen chloride. Attacks many metals in presence of moisture.
塩化チタン( Ⅳ) 上流と下流の製品情報
原材料
準備製品