tert-アミルアルコール 化学特性,用途語,生産方法
外観
無色透明液体
用途
溶剤、香料
効能
溶解剤
化学的特性
tert-Amyl alcohol is a volatile liquid.2-Methyl-2-butanol has a sour odor, a threshold value of
8.2 mg/m
3 (2.3 ppm), an absolute perception limit of
0.04 ppm, and a 100% recognition level of 0.23 ppm .
使用
2-Methyl-2-butanol is used as a solvent in flavors, pharmaceuticals, corrosion inhibitors, resins, gums, coating materials and in organic synthesis. It acts as a frothing agent (ore flotation), surfactant (petroleum recovery) and stabilizing agent. Further, it is used in processing aids.
調製方法
tert-Amyl alcohol is prepared by hydrating 2-methyl-2-
butenes. It can also be prepared by reducing pivalic
acid.
定義
ChEBI: A tertiary alcohol that is propan-1-ol in which both of the hydrogens at position 1 have been replaced by methyl groups.
一般的な説明
A clear, colorless liquid with an odor of camphor. Flash point 70°F. Density 0.81 g / cm3. Slightly soluble in water.
空気と水の反応
Highly flammable. Slightly soluble in water.
反応プロフィール
2-Methyl-2-butanol attacks plastics [Handling Chemicals Safely 1980. p. 236]. Reacts violently with acetyl bromide [Merck 11th ed. 1989]. Mixtures of alcohols with concentrated sulfuric acid and strong hydrogen peroxide can cause explosions. Example: an explosion will occur if dimethylbenzylcarbinol is added to 90% hydrogen peroxide then acidified with concentrated sulfuric acid. Mixtures of ethyl alcohol with concentrated hydrogen peroxide form powerful explosives. Mixtures of hydrogen peroxide and 1-phenyl-2-methyl propyl alcohol tend to explode if acidified with 70% sulfuric acid [Chem. Eng. News 45(43):73 1967; J, Org. Chem. 28:1893 1963]. Alkyl hypochlorites are violently explosive. They are readily obtained by reacting hypochlorous acid and alcohols either in aqueous solution or mixed aqueous-carbon tetrachloride solutions. Chlorine plus alcohols would similarly yield alkyl hypochlorites. They decompose in the cold and explode on exposure to sunlight or heat. Tertiary hypochlorites are less unstable than secondary or primary hypochlorites [NFPA 491 M, 1991]. Base-catalysed reactions of isocyanates with alcohols should be carried out in inert solvents. Such reactions in the absence of solvents often occur with explosive violence [Wischmeyer 1969].
危険性
Flammable, dangerous fire risk.
健康ハザード
Inhalation or contact with material may irritate or burn skin and eyes. Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Vapors may cause dizziness or suffocation. Runoff from fire control may cause pollution.
火災危険
HIGHLY FLAMMABLE: Will be easily ignited by heat, sparks or flames. Vapors may form explosive mixtures with air. Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back. Most vapors are heavier than air. They will spread along ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks). Vapor explosion hazard indoors, outdoors or in sewers. Runoff to sewer may create fire or explosion hazard. Containers may explode when heated. Many liquids are lighter than water.
安全性プロファイル
Moderately toxic to humans by an unspecified route. Moderately toxic experimentally by ingestion, intraperitoneal, subcutaneous, and rectal routes. Narcotic in high concentration. Flammable liquid when exposed to heat, flame, or oxiduing materials. Moderately explosive in the form of vapor when exposed to heat or flame. A hypnotic agent. When heated to decomposition it emits acrid smoke and irritating fumes.
職業ばく露
(n-isomer); Suspected reprotoxic hazard,
Primary irritant (w/o allergic reaction), (iso-, primary):
Possible risk of forming tumors, Primary irritant (w/o allergic
reaction), (sec-, active primary-, and other isomers)
Primary irritant (w/o allergic reaction). Used as a solvent in
organic synthesis and synthetic flavoring, pharmaceuticals,
corrosion inhibitors; making plastics and other chemicals;
as a flotation agent. The (n-isomer) is used in preparation
of oil additives, plasticizers, synthetic lubricants, and as a
solvent.
輸送方法
UN2811 Pentanols, Hazard Class: 3; Labels: 3-
Flammable liquid. UN1987 Alcohols, n.o.s., Hazard Class:
3; Labels: 3-Flammable liquid.
純化方法
Reflux it with K2CO3, CaH2, CaO or sodium, then fractionally distil. The near-dry alcohol is further dried by refluxing with Mg activated with iodine, as described for ethanol. Further purification is possible using fractional crystallisation and zone refining at <-10o or preparative gas chromatography. [Beilstein 1 IV 1668.]
不和合性
Forms an explosive mixture with air.
Contact with strong oxidizers and hydrogen trisulfide may
cause fire and explosions. Incompatible with strong acids.
Violent reaction with alkaline earth metals forming hydrogen,
a flammable gas.
廃棄物の処理
Dissolve or mix the material
with a combustible solvent and burn in a chemical incinerator
equipped with an afterburner and scrubber. All federal,
state, and local environmental regulations must be
observed.
予防処置
During handling and use of amyl alcohol, persons with pre-existing skin disorders, eye
problems, or impaired liver, kidney, or respiratory function, should be careful since these
workers/persons are more susceptible to the effects of amyl alcohol
tert-アミルアルコール 上流と下流の製品情報
原材料
準備製品
tert-アミルベンゼン
(1,1-ジメチルプロピル)ヒドラジン
3-メチル-2-ブタノン
ピナコリン
1-(4-クロロフェノキシ)-1-(1H-1,2,4-トリアゾール-1-イル)-3,3-ジメチルブタン-2-オン
pinacolone，tert-butyl methy1 ketone，3，3-dimethyl-2-butyl ketone
2,2-ジメチル酪酸
2,3-ジヒドロ-1,1,2,3,3-ペンタメチル-1H-インデン
2-メチル-2-ブタンチオール
tert-アミルエチルエーテル
2,5-ジ-tert-アミルヒドロキノン