鉄粉 化学特性,用途語,生産方法
外観
銀灰色〜灰黒色, 粉末
溶解性
希塩酸に溶ける。うすい塩酸に溶ける。
解説
鉄粉は各種金属粉末の中で最も多量に用いられている。その製造には酸化鉄の還元法，溶湯のアトマイズ法が主として用いられ，大部分の鉄粉はこの2方法で作られる。還元法では，高品位の鉄鉱石または鋼材の熱間圧延時に生じる酸化被膜(ミルスケール)をコークスとともに加熱して還元し，得られる海綿状の鉄を粉砕して粉末とする。粉末粒子は多孔質で，圧粉体強度は高く，焼結性がよい。焼結機械部品のほか溶接棒，粉末切断，懐炉の発熱体，脱酸素剤などに用いられる。
株式会社平凡社 世界大百科事典 第２版について 情報
用途
高純度金属。脱硫化水素剤。
用途
粉末冶金、溶接棒
生体と鉄
鉄は必須微量元素の中で、生体中に最も多量（3～4g）含まれ、大部分ヘモグロビンの形で存在する。次いで分子量45万の鉄貯蔵蛋白であるフェリチンおよびその凝集物であるヘモジデリンは肝、脾、骨髄に存在している。鉄は酸素の運搬に必須であり、特にチトクローム、カタラーゼなどのヘム酵素としてエネルギー代謝に重要な働きをしている。鉄の欠乏症はもっとも古くから知られており、貧血の最大原因である。
鉄の摂取は食品からが主であるが、へモグロビンやミオグロビンなどの様なヘム鉄のほうが無機鉄に比較して吸収率が良く、したがって動物性食品中の鉄は利用効率が高いといわれている。ヘム鉄は小腸上皮細胞内でヘム部分が分解して吸収されるが、無機鉄は腸管内で溶解度の低い3価の水酸化鉄に変わり吸収されにくくなる。鉄の吸収におよぼすビタミンCの影響については、オレンジジュースを飲むことによりその利用率は著しく高められている。逆に食物繊維は鉄と結合してその排泄を速め利用率を低下させる。鉄欠乏を防ぐには摂取量のみでなく摂取形態にも留意しなければならない。
使用上の注意
純度は金属ベースで差数法によって算出したもので、重量又は容量分析等の化学的方法によるものではありません。使用目的により、正確な含量が必要な場合は、それらの方法によって測定する必要があります。
説明
Carbonyl iron is elemental iron produced by the decomposition of
iron pentacarbonyl as a dark gray powder. When viewed under a
microscope having a magnifying power of 500 diameters or
greater, it appears as spheres built up with concentric shells. It is
stable in dry air.
化学的特性
Silver-white malleable metal. The only metal that can be tempered. Mechanical properties are altered by impurities, especially carbon.Iron is highly reactive chemically, a strong reducing agent, oxidizes readily in moist air, reacts
with steam when hot, t
物理的性質
Pure iron is a silvery-white, hard, but malleable and ductile metal that can be worked andforged into many different shapes, such as rods, wires, sheets, ingots, pipes, framing, and soon. Pure iron is reactive and forms many compounds with other elements. It is an excellentreducing agent. It oxidizes (rusts) in water and moist air and is highly reactive with most acids,releasing hydrogen from the acid. One of its main properties is that it can be magnetized andretain a magnetic field.The iron with a valence of 2 is referred to as “ferrous” in compounds (e.g., ferrous chloride= FeCl
2). When the valence is 3, it is called “ferric” (e.g., ferric chloride = FeCl
3).Iron’s melting point is 1,535°C, its boiling point is 2,750°C, and its density is 7.873g/cm
3.
同位体
There are 30 isotopes of iron ranging from Fe-45 to Fe-72. The following arethe four stable isotopes with the percentage of their contribution to the element’s naturalexistence on Earth: Fe-54 = 5.845%, Fe-56 = 91.72%, Fe-57 = 2.2%, and Fe-58 =0.28%. It might be noted that Fe-54 is radioactive but is considered stable because ithas such a long half-life (3.1×10
+22 years). The other isotopes are radioactive and areproduced artificially. Their half-lives range from 150 nanoseconds to 1×10
5 years.
名前の由来
The name “iron” or “iren” is Anglo-Saxon, and the symbol for iron (Fe)
is from ferrum, the Latin word for iron.
特性
Iron is the only metal that can be tempered (hardened by heating, then quenching in wateror oil). Iron can become too hard and develop stresses and fractures. This can be corrected byannealing, a process that heats the iron again and then holds it at that temperature until thestresses are eliminated. Iron is a good conductor of electricity and heat. It is easily magnetized,but its magnetic properties are lost at high temperatures. Iron has four allotropic states. Thealpha form exists at room temperatures, while the other three allotropic forms exist at varyinghigher temperatures.Iron is the most important construction metal. It can be alloyed with many other metals tomake a great variety of specialty products. Its most important alloy is steel.An interesting characteristic of iron is that it is the heaviest element that can be formed byfusion of hydrogen in the sun and similar stars. Hydrogen nuclei can be “squeezed” in the sunto form all the elements with atomic numbers below cobalt (
27Co), which includes iron. Itrequires the excess fusion energy of supernovas (exploding stars) to form elements with protonnumbers greater than iron (
26Fe).
使用
Iron is a mineral used in food fortification that is necessary for the
prevention of anemia, which reduces the hemoglobin concentra-
tion and thus the amount of oxygen delivered to the tissues. sources
include ferric ammonium sulfate, chloride, fructose, glycerophos-
phate, nitrate, phosphate, pyrophosphate and ferrous ammonium
sulfate, citrate, sulfate, and sodium iron edta. the ferric form (fe3+)
is iron in the highest valence state and the ferrous form (fe2+) is iron
in a lower valence state. the iron source should not discolor or add
taste and should be stable. iron powders produce low discoloration
and rancidity. it is used for fortification in flour, baked goods, pasta,
and cereal products.
調製方法
Iron ore reserves are found worldwide. Areas with more than
1 billion metric tons of reserves include Australia, China,
Brazil, Canada, the United States, Venezuela, South Africa,
India, the former Soviet Union, Gabon, France, Spain,
Sweden, and Algeria. The ore exists in varying grades,
ranging from 20 to 70% iron content. North America has
been fortunate in its ore deposits. There are commercially
usable quantities in 22 U.S. states and in six Canadian
provinces. In the United States the most abundant supplies,
discovered in the early 1890s, are located in the Lake Superior
region around the Mesabi Range. Other large deposits are
found in Alabama, Utah, Texas, California, Pennsylvania,
and New York. These deposits, particularly the Mesabi
Range reserves, seemed inexhaustible in the 1930s when
an average of 30 million tons of ore was produced annually
from that one range. The tremendous demand for iron ore
duringWorldWar II virtually tripled the output of the Mesabi
Range and severely depleted its deposits of high-grade ore.
The major domestic (U.S.) production is nowfrom crude iron
ore, mainly taconite, a low-grade ore composed chiefly of
hematite [FeO(OH) ·H
2O] and silica found in the Great
Lakes region.
定義
iron: Symbol Fe. A silvery malleableand ductile metallic transition element;a.n. 26; r.a.m. 55.847; r.d.7.87; m.p. 1535°C; b.p. 2750°C. Themain sources are the ores haematite(Fe2O3), magnetite (Fe
3O
4), limonite(FeO(OH)
nH
2O), ilmenite (FeTiO
3),siderite (FeCO
3), and pyrite (FeS
2).The metal is smelted in a blast furnaceto give impure pig iron, whichis further processed to give castiron, wrought iron, and varioustypes of steel. The pure element hasthree crystal forms: alpha-iron, stablebelow 906°C with a body-centredcubicstructure; gamma-iron, stablebetween 906°C and 1403°C with anonmagnetic face-centred-cubicstructure; and delta-iron, which isthe body-centred-cubic form above1403°C. Alpha-iron is ferromagneticup to its Curie point (768°C). The elementhas nine isotopes (mass numbers52–60), and is the fourth mostabundant in the earth’s crust. It is requiredas a trace element (see essentialelement) by living organisms.Iron is quite reactive, being oxidizedby moist air, displacing hydrogenfrom dilute acids, and combiningwith nonmetallic elements. It formsionic salts and numerous complexeswith the metal in the +2 or +3 oxidationstates. Iron(VI) also exists in theferrate ion FeO
42-, and the elementalso forms complexes in which its oxidationnumber is zero (e.g. Fe(CO)
5).
一般的な説明
A gray lustrous powder. Used in powder metallurgy and as a catalyst in chemical manufacture.
空気と水の反応
Highly flammable. May react with water to give off hydrogen, a flammable gas. The heat from this reaction may ignite the hydrogen.
反応プロフィール
Iron is pyrophoric [Bretherick, 1979 p. 170-1]. A strong reducing agent and therefore incompatible with oxidizing agents. Burns in chlorine gas [Mellor 2, Supp. 1:380 1956]. Reacts with fluorine with incandescence [Mellor 13:314, 315, 1946-1947].
危険性
Iron dust from most iron compounds is harmful if inhaled and toxic if ingested. Iron dustand powder (even filings) are flammable and can explode if exposed to an open flame. Asmentioned, excessive iron in the diet may cause liver damage.
健康ハザード
Fire may produce irritating and/or toxic gases. Contact may cause burns to skin and eyes. Contact with molten substance may cause severe burns to skin and eyes. Runoff from fire control may cause pollution.
火災危険
Flammable/combustible material. May be ignited by friction, heat, sparks or flames. Some may burn rapidly with flare burning effect. Powders, dusts, shavings, borings, turnings or cuttings may explode or burn with explosive violence. Substance may be transported in a molten form at a temperature that may be above its flash point. May re-ignite after fire is extinguished.
環境運命予測
Iron occurs rarely by itself in nature due to the ease with which
it forms compounds, especially in oxidation reactions. Many
iron compounds are water soluble, leading to potentially high
concentrations in water, especially in seawater. Iron is a necessary
component of all life and it is therefore taken up readily by
organisms from all sources.
純化方法
Clean it in conc HCl, rinse in de-ionised water, then reagent grade acetone and dry it under vacuum.
鉄粉 上流と下流の製品情報
原材料
準備製品
(3-クロロ-4-フェノキシフェニル)アミン
p-アミノベンジルアルコール
4-クロロ-2,5-ジメトキシアニリン
N,N-ジエチル-1,4-フェニレンジアミン
2-アミノ-4-メチルベンゾニトリル
硫酸2,5-ジアミノアニソール
3,4-ジフルオロアニリン
二(D-グルコン酸)鉄(II)
5-CHLOROQUINOLIN-8-AMINE
6-(1-ピロリジニル)-3-ピリジンアミン
Iron oxide pigments
3,5-ジクロロ-1H-インダゾール
塩化ジベンズ[B,F]アゼピン-5-カルボニル イミノスチルベンカルボニルクロライド 塩化物
5-フルオロオキシインドール
スルファート/鉄,(3:2)
2,4,5-トリクロロアニリン
1-(5-aminopyridin-2-yl)piperidin-4-ol
5-キノリノール
6-(4-モルホリニル)-3-ピリジンアミン
スルファート/アンモニウム/鉄(II),(2:2:1)
3-アミノ-5-ブロモ-2-ヒドロキシピリジン
ヘキサブロモベンゼン
5-クロロ-2-メトキシアニリン
2-メチルイミダゾ[4,5-C]ピリジン
2,5-ジフルオロアニリン
4-ジメチルアミノベンゼンジアゾスルホン酸 ナトリウム
3-ブロモニトロベンゼン
2-(ブロモアセチル)チオフェン
2-アミノ-4-クロロトルエン
3-クロロアニリン塩酸塩
4-アミノベンズアミド
2-クロロアニリン 塩酸塩
3-クロロ-1H-インダゾール-5-アミン
4-AMINO-2,6-DIBROMOPYRIDINE
Ferro-Silicon
3,5-ジクロロ-2,4-ジフルオロアニリン
5-フルオロ-2-メチルベンゾチアゾール
3-ブロモ-1H-インダゾール-6-アミン
5-アミノ-2-クロロトルエン-4-スルホン酸
1-(アミノメチル)-1-シクロヘキサノール