ジルコニウム(IV)テトラクロリド 化学特性,用途語,生産方法
外観
白色～わずかにうすい褐色, 結晶～粉末
溶解性
水, 塩酸エタノール, エーテルに可溶。水、エタノール及びジエチルエーテルに溶けやすい。
解説
塩化ジルコニウム(Ⅳ)ZrCl4(233.04)．酸化ジルコニウム(Ⅳ)と四塩化炭素の蒸気とを反応させるか，金属ジルコニウムに乾燥塩化水素を作用させると得られる．無色の等軸晶系結晶．密度2.80 g cm－3．加熱により融解せずに331 ℃ で昇華する．吸湿性で湿った空気中では塩化水素を発生する．冷水に可溶．熱水では分解して二塩化酸化ジルコニウムZrCl2Oとなる．純粋なジルコニウムの製造，織物の防水加工，顔料，触媒の製造原料，分析試薬などに用いられる．
用途
触媒原料、顔料 (化学工業日報社)
使用上の注意
空気中で水分を吸収して塩化水素を放出し、オキシ塩化物に変わる性質がある。
化学的特性
White, lustrous crystals. Sublimes
above 300C. Soluble in alcohol; decomposes in
water.
化学的特性
Zirconium tetrachloride forms lustrous, white, monoclinic
crystals that melt at 437 ℃. It is a corrosive powder. It is
hygroscopic, and thus soluble in cold water, alcohol, ether,
and concentrated hydrochloric acid. It reacts vigorously with
water forming hydrogen chloride (irritating vapor) and zirconium
oxychloride. When moist, zirconium tetrachloride
reacts with common materials to form hydrochloric acid that
is corrosive to many metals. Through hydrolysis to HCl,
zirconium tetrachloride can irritate the respiratory tract and
other superficial surfaces of the body on exposure.
Zirconium tetrachloride readily forms coordinate bonds with
oxygen and nitrogen in organic molecules.
物理的性質
White monoclinic crystals; hygroscopic; density 2.80 g/cm
3; sublimes at 331°C; triple point 437°C; vapor pressure 1 torr at 190°C; critical temperature 504.85°C; critical pressure 56.95 atm; critical volume 319 cm3/mol; decomposed by water; soluble in alcohol, ether, and concentrated hydrochloric acid.
使用
Zirconium tetrachloride is commonly utilized as a Lewis acid catalyst in many organic synthesis reactions. It is an important source for organometallic complexes of zirconium. It is practiced in many areas like nuclear industry, metal industry, photography, glass, and ceramic industry.
製造方法
Zirconium tetrachloride is obtained as an intermediate in recovering zirconium metal from zircon and other minerals (See Zirconium, Recovery). The tetrachloride is obtained by heating a mixture of zirconium hydroxide and car 1004 bon with chlorine gas
Also, tetrachloride can be made by reacting zirconium hydroxide with hydrochloric acid: Zr(OH)
4 + 4HCl → ZrCl
4 + 4H
2O.
定義
ChEBI: Zirconium tetrachloride is a zirconium coordination entity comprising four chlorine atoms bound to a central zirconium atom. It has a role as a catalyst. It is a zirconium coordination entity and an inorganic chloride.
一般的な説明
White lustrous crystalline solid. Used as a source of pure zirconium, as a tanning agent, in analytical chemistry and in treating textiles. Zirconium tetrachloride is decomposed by water. Corrosive to metals in the presence of moisture and to tissue.
空気と水の反応
Reacts vigorously with water forming hydrochloric acid with the evolution of heat.
反応プロフィール
Zirconium tetrachloride is corrosive to metals in the presence of moisture and to tissue. Behavior in Fire: Will not burn - sublimes above 626°F (331°C). May give off HCl fumes [USCG, 1999]. Zirconium tetrachloride is incompatible with alcohols (ethanol), lithium metal, and tetrahydrofuran.
健康ハザード
INHALATION: Irritating to upper respiratory tract; presumably caused by liberated HCl. EYES: Irritating. SKIN: Irritating. INGESTION: Burning pain in the mouth and throat, vomiting, watery or bloody diarrhea, retching, collapse, and convulsions.
火災危険
Behavior in Fire: Will not burn - sublimes above 626°F (331°C). May give off HCl fumes.
安全性プロファイル
Moderately toxic by
ingestion. A corrosive irritant to skin, eyes,
and mucous membranes. Ignites
spontaneously in air. When heated to
decomposition it emits toxic fumes of Cl-.
See also ZIRCONIUM COMPOUNDS and
HYDROCHLORIC ACID.
純化方法
Crystallise it repeatedly from conc HCl. It is hydrolysed by H2O to form white ZrOCl2 (see below) and HCl. [Krebs Z Anorg Allgem Chem 378 263 1970.]
ジルコニウム(IV)テトラクロリド 上流と下流の製品情報
原材料
準備製品