ナトリウムフルオリド 化学特性,用途語,生産方法
外観
白色, 結晶性粉末〜粉末
溶解性
水に微溶 (4g/100g 水, 15℃)。アルコールに難溶。水にやや溶けやすく、エタノールにほとんど溶けない。
解説
フッ化ナトリウム，水酸化ナトリウムまたは炭酸ナトリウムをフッ化水素酸で中和すると得られる．無色の等軸晶系結晶．密度2.78 g cm－3．融点992 ℃，沸点1705 ℃．水に可溶，エタノールに難溶．水溶液はアルカリ性を示し，ガラスを侵す．フッ化水素酸に溶けてNaHF2を生じる．融剤，木材腐食の防止，殺虫剤，虫歯予防剤，発酵における消毒剤として用いられる．有毒．
用途
フラックス剤、木材防腐剤
用途
汎用試薬、調製液製造原料、有機合成用ふっ素化剤。
用途
汎用試薬。有機合成ふっ素化剤。
用途
防腐剤，殺菌剤，殺そ剤（失効農薬）、金属表面処理剤、アルカリ中和剤、ムシ歯予防用薬剤。
効能
齲蝕予防薬
商品名
Fバニッシュ (東洋製薬化成); オラブリス (昭和薬品化工); ダイアデント (昭和薬品化工); バトラー (サンスター); バトラーフローデン (サンスター); バトラーフローデン (サンスター); フッ化ナトリウム (ジーシー); フッ化ナトリウム (ビーブランド・メディコーデンタル); フッ化ナトリウム (昭和薬品化工); フルオール (東洋製薬化成); フルオール (東洋製薬化成); ミラノール (東洋製薬化成); 弗化ナトリウム (ネオ製薬工業)
説明
Sodium fluoride, NaF, is a binary salt that is a clear, lustrous crystal or white powder. The insecticide grade is frequently dyed blue. It is soluble in water and has a specific gravity of 2.558, which is heavier than water. Sodium fluoride is highly toxic by ingestion and inhalation, and is also strongly irritating to tissue. The TLV is 2.5 mg/m3 of air. The four-digit UN identification number is 1690. The primary uses are fluoridation of municipal water at 1 ppm, as an insecticide, rodenticide, and fungicide, and in toothpastes and disinfectants.
性質
工業的には蛍石(ほたるいし)、炭酸ナトリウム、硫酸ナトリウムを炭素とともに融解する方法で製造する。塩化ナトリウム型構造の無色の結晶。水、エタノール（エチルアルコール）にはわずかに溶ける。水溶液は加水分解によってアルカリ性を示し、またガラスを腐食する。フッ化水素酸に溶け、フッ化水素ナトリウムNaHF2を生ずる。木材などの防腐剤、ほうろう工業における間接乳白剤に用いられる。またむし歯の予防剤として飲料水に微量添加して用いられる。毒性があり、粉末は粘膜を刺激し、神経系統を侵すので、取扱いには注意を要する。
化学的特性
Sodium fluoride is a white powder or colorless crystals. Often used in a solution. Odorless. Pesticide grade is often dyed blue.
物理的性質
Colorless cubic or tetragonal crystals; density 2.78 g/cm
3; melts at 993°C; vaporizes at 1,695°C; moderately soluble in water 4.22 g/100mL at 18°C; soluble in hydrofluoric acid; insoluble in ethanol.
使用
Sodium fluoride (NaF), in the concentration of one ppm, is added to municipal drinking
water to help reduce tooth decay. It is also used as an insecticide, fungicide, and rodenticide,
as well as in the manufacture of adhesives, disinfectants, and dental products.
定義
ChEBI: A metal fluoride salt with a Na(+) counterion.
製造方法
Sodium fluoride is prepared by adding sodium hydroxide or sodium carbonate to a 40% solution of hydrofluoric acid. In excess hydrofluoric acid, sodium bifluoride, NaHF2 , is formed. NaF also is made by fusion of cryolite with caustic soda. Technical grade products are usually sold at 90 to 95% purity.
安全性
フッ化ナトリウムは法律上劇物に分類されています。摂取による症状には急性症状と慢性症状とがあります。
急性中毒症状としては、吐気、嘔吐、腹痛、下痢といった胃腸症状が多いです。フッ化物の急性中毒量についてはヒトに関する十分なデータが無いこと、また個人の反応に差がみられるため、閾値を定めるのは困難ですが、2.7～5mgF/kgの濃度の報告があります。
慢性毒性としては２つあり、歯のフッ素症では歯の形成期（石灰化期）に過剰のフッ化物を水道水などを通じて継続的摂取した（2.0ppm 前後）場合に生じるエナメル質の形成不全症があります。前歯部では審美的な問題となることがあります。
２つ目は骨のフッ素症です。血清中のフッ化物が骨代謝に影響し、関節が硬直したり、靱帯の石灰化を起こしたりします。
一般的な説明
Sodium fluoride is a colorless crystalline solid or white powder, or the solid dissolved in a liquid. Sodium fluoride is formed by the reaction of sodium carbonate and hydrofluoric acid. Sodium fluoride is soluble in water. Sodium fluoride is noncombustible. Sodium fluoride is corrosive to aluminum. Sodium fluoride is used as an insecticide. Sodium fluoride is also used to fluorinate water supplies, as a wood preservative, in cleaning compounds, manufacture of glass, and for many other uses.
危険性
Toxic by ingestion and inhalation, strong
irritant to tissue.
健康ハザード
Ingestion may cause vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea, convulsions, collapse, thirst, disturbed color vision, acute toxic nephritis.
火災危険
Non-combustible, substance itself does not burn but may decompose upon heating to produce corrosive and/or toxic fumes. Some are oxidizers and may ignite combustibles (wood, paper, oil, clothing, etc.). Contact with metals may evolve flammable hydrogen gas. Containers may explode when heated.
燃焼性と爆発性
Fluorides are not combustible.
使用用途
定められた濃度（100ｍL 中 フッ化ナトリウム 0.10g 含有）に希釈したものについては、虫歯予防を目的として洗口剤や歯磨き粉などに入れることなど、さまざまな形で利用されています。用法や濃度によっては歯科医での使用に限定される場合もありますが、フッ素濃度1500ppmまでの歯磨き剤であれば市販が認められています。
他にもフッ化ナトリウムは、透明なを不透明に変化させるための乳濁剤、木材の防腐剤、アルミ合金や鉄鋼用のフラックス剤、血糖検査用の抗凝固剤などとして幅広く利用されています。
作用部位と機序
フッ化ナトリウムは米国において虫歯予防に応用されてきました。日本でも WHO 勧告に従い、フッ化物製剤による虫歯予防がすすめられています。フッ化物の状態になると、まず口腔内の細菌や酵素の作用を抑制し、歯を溶かす酸の産生を抑制します。一方、歯に作用すると、フルオロアパタイトを形成することで、歯の結晶レベルでの改善をもたらし、再石灰化を促進します。その結果、歯が強くなり、耐酸性が向上するため、虫歯の予防になります。
工業用途
Sodium fluoride is a white to yellowish powder, poorly soluble in water. The NaF solubility
in water is 3.85% at 15 °C and 4.21% at 25 °C. Commercially, NaF is obtained by
reacting hydrofluoric acid with sodium hydroxide. This reaction is a by-product during the
production of superphosphates from fluoro-apatite. Sodium fluoride is an important
depressant used exclusively during beneficiation of non-sulfide minerals, as well as the
rare-earth minerals as a depressant alone or in combination with other depressants. It is
used together with starch as co-depressant for rutile and ilmenite during zirconium–
titanium separation or during reverse silicate flotation from rutile and ilmenite with
cationic collectors. Although it is believed that Na
2F is a silicate depressant, studies have
shown that it does not depress silicate minerals. In fact, it improves depression of
oxides and silicates when used with other depressants.
臨床応用
Sodium fluoride (NaF) promotes the proliferation and activity of osteoblasts and is classified as a nonhormonal
bone-forming agent. Because treatment with NaF induces bone formation, it is essential that this therapy be
coupled with oral calcium supplementation (1,000 mg/day). Additionally, NaF exhibits moderate antiresorptive
activity, because it inhibits osteoclastic activity when it is absorbed into the bone matrix. In the treatment of
osteoporosis, the therapeutic window for this agent is fairly narrow: Doses less than 45 mg/day are
subtherapeutic, and doses in excess of 75 mg/day impair bone mineralization. In addition, the bone that is
formed in the presence of NaF is neither as well mineralized nor as strong as normal bone tissue. In fact, some
安全性プロファイル
Human poison by ingestion. Experimental poison by ingestion, skin contact, intravenous, intraperitoneal, subcutaneous, and intramuscular routes. Human systemic effects: changes in teeth and supporting structures, cyanosis, diarrhea, EKG changes, fluid intake, headache, hypermotihty, increased immune response, muscle weakness, musculo-skeletal changes, nausea or vomiting, paresthesia, ptosis (drooping of the eyelid from sympathetic innervation), respiratory depression, salivary gland changes, tremors. Experimental teratogenic and reproductive effects. Human mutation data reported. A corrosive irritant to skin, eyes, and mucous membranes. Questionable carcinogen with experimental tumorigenic data. It is very phytotoxic. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of Fand NazO. Used in chemical cleaning, for fluoridation of drinking water, as a funglcide and insecticide. See also FLUORIDES
職業ばく露
Widely used in the chemical industry; in water treatment and fluoridation of drinking water; as an insecticide, fungicide, and rodenticide; chemical cleaning; electroplating, glass manufacture; vitreous enamels; preservative for adhesives; toothpastes, disinfectant, dental prophylaxis; also used orally in the treatment of various bone diseases to increase bone density and to relieve bone pain.
輸送方法
UN1690 Sodium fluoride, Hazard Class: 6.1; Labels: 6.1-Poisonous materials.
純化方法
Crystallise NaF from water by partial evaporation in a vacuum desiccator, or dissolve it in water, and precipitate ca half of it by adding EtOH. The precipitate is dried in an air oven at 130o for one day, and then stored in a desiccator over KOH. Its solubility in H2O is 4% at 15o and 4.3% at 25o. [Kwasnik in Handbook of Preparative Inorganic Chemistry (Ed. Brauer) Academic Press Vol I p 235 1963].
不和合性
Contact with acids release toxic gas. Incompatible with oxidizers (chlorates, nitrates, peroxides, permanganates, perchlorates, chlorine, bromine, fluorine, etc.); contact may cause fires or explosions. Keep away from alkaline materials, strong bases, strong acids, oxoacids, epoxides.
廃棄物の処理
In accordance with 40CFR165, follow recommendations for the disposal of pesticides and pesticide containers. Must be disposed properly by following package label directions or by contacting your local or federal environmental control agency, or by contacting your regional EPA office.
ナトリウムフルオリド 上流と下流の製品情報
原材料
準備製品