硫酸マグネシウム (無水) 化学特性,用途語,生産方法
外観
白色の粉末
種類
無水の硫酸マグネシウムは不安定なため、自然界では通常、水和物として存在します。水和物としては、硫酸マグネシウム1に対し、1〜11の水分子が結合したものが知られています。
自然界では7水和物が最も一般的です。鉱物としてエプソマイト (英: Epsomite) と呼ばれます。7水和物のCAS登録番号は、10034-99-8です。7水和物を加熱していくと120℃で1水和物に、250℃で無水物が得られます。
性質
無水物の化学式はMgSO4で表され、分子量は120.37です。CAS番号は7487-88-9として登録されています。
融点は1,124°Cで、融解と同時に分解します。吸湿性を持つ無臭の化合物で、水に溶けやすく、に溶けにくく、やにはほとんど溶けません。水と反応し熱を放出します。
酸性・アルカリ性の程度を表すpHは5.0〜8.0 (50g/L、25℃) です。
定義
本品は、硫酸(*)のマグネシウム塩であり、次の化学式で表される。
参照表示名称：硫酸
溶解性
水に易溶 (26.9g/100g水, 0℃), エタノールに不溶。水に溶けやすく、エタノールに極めて溶けにくく、エーテルにほとんど溶けない。
解説
硫酸マグネシウム，化学式はMgSO4。比重2.66，融点1185℃。無色の結晶。水に溶け，水溶液からは１，６，７，12水和物などが得られる。７水和物が普通で，これは瀉利(しゃり)塩またはエプソム塩ともいい，比重1.68の無色の結晶。乾燥した空気中では風解し，水溶液は苦味がある。紙の充填(じゅうてん)剤，媒染剤，下剤として使用。天然には１水和物がキーゼリットとして岩塩鉱床から得られる。また海水中に存在し，苦汁(にがり)の成分。工業的には苦汁の濃縮，酸化マグネシウムや炭酸マグネシウムの硫酸処理によってつくる。
用途
洗剤のビルダー、グラウト剤、固結防止剤
製造法
硫酸マグネシウムは、天然資源から直接採取可能です。また、とまたは炭酸マグネシウムを反応させることでも、硫酸マグネシウムを合成できます。
化粧品の成分用途
増量剤
説明
Magnesium sulfate is an inorganic salt (chemical compound) containing magnesium, sulfur and oxygen, with the formula MgSO4. It is strongly hygroscopic and often encountered as the heptahydrate sulfate mineral epsomite (MgSO4•7H2O), commonly called Epsom salt. And the monohydrate, MgSO4•H2O, is found as the mineral kieserite.
In gardening and other agriculture, magnesium sulfate is used to correct a magnesium or sulfur deficiency in soil.
In food preparation, magnesium sulfate is used as a brewing salt in beer production or used as a coagulant for making tofu.
In chemistry, anhydrous magnesium sulfate is commonly used as a desiccant in organic synthesis due to its affinity for water.
For Marine use, magnesium sulfate heptahydrate is used to maintain the magnesium concentration in marine aquaria which contain large amounts of stony corals.
For medicine use, it is used in pregnant women to control seizures due to certain complications of pregnancy (eg, severe toxemia) and to control high blood pressure, severe brain function problems (encephalopathy), and seizures in children who have sudden, severe inflammation of the kidneys (acute nephritis). Besides, magnesium sulfate is also used as a laxative to relieve occasional constipation.
化学的特性
Magnesium sulfate (MgS04) is a colorless crystal with a bitter, saline taste. It is soluble in glycerol and used in fireproofing, textile processes, ceramics, cosmetics, and fertilizers.
物理的性質
In their hydrated form, these salts have a pH of 6.0
(5.5 to 6.5) in solution. These magnesium sulfates are
white crystalline solids. Their densities are: 2.66 g/cm3
(anhydrous); 2.445 g/cm3 (monohydrate); 1.68 g/cm3
(heptahydrate). Solubilities in water are: anhydrous＝ 26.9 g/100 ml (0°C); monohydrate＝ 25.5 g/100 ml (20°C); heptahydrate＝71 g/100 ml (20°C).
Magnesium sulfate is found in nature in many salt
deposits and mineral waters, occurring as hydrates or
double salts. The heptahydrate or Epsom salt was discovered
in 1695, found inthemineralwater at Epsom. Kieserite
and epsomite are the two most important minerals. Other
than these and the above hydrates, magnesium sulfate is
also found in several other minerals, including langbeinite, leonite,vanthoffite,bloedite,kainite,polyhalite,
使用
Magnesium sulfate is used widely in several industries including fertilizer, cement, textile, chemicals, and medicine. In the cement industry, it is used in manufacturing oxysulfate cement. In medicine, it is an analgesic and cathartic. An important application of anhydrous magnesium sulfate in the laboratory involves drying organic solvents required for syntheses and GC analysis.
In the textile industry, magnesium sulfate is used in finishing composition for dressing cotton; for weighting and sizing silk; as a mordant for fixing basic dyestuffs on wool; and in fireproofing fabrics. It also is a component of certain types of electrolytic plating baths; of various photographic solutions; of cosmetic lotions. It is a catalyst carrier; a dietary supplement in cattle feed; a coagulant for rubber and plastic; and is used in making citric acid and several magnesium salts, such as magnesium stearate.
製造方法
Hydrated magnesium sulfate occurs in nature as the minerals kieserite and epsomite. The salt is mined in large scale from these and other naturally occurring minerals. The salt also is prepared in the laboratory by the action of sulfuric acid on magnesium oxide, hydroxide, or carbonate followed by evaporation and crystallization:
MgO + H2SO4 → MgSO4 + H2O
Mg(OH)2 + H2SO4 → MgSO4 + 2H2O
MgCO3 + H2SO4 → MgSO4 + CO2 + H2O
Crystallization at temperatures between 1.8 and 48°C yields heptahydrate, MgSO4•7H2O. Below 1.8°C, a dodecahydrate , MgSO4•12H2O crystallizes out. Above 48°C crystals of lower hydrates form. The anhydrous salt is obtained by heating the heptahydrate at about 500°C in a rotary drum; or dehydrating above 150°C in the presence of sulfuric acid.
調製方法
Magnesium sulfate is widely distributed in nature, e.g. in salt deposits as kieserite, as Epsom salt MgSO4 . 7H20, in the form of double salts such as kainite 4KCl . 4MgSO4 . 11H20 and langbeinite K2SO4 . 2MgSO4, and in brines. Large quantities of kieserite, Epsom salt and anhydrous magnesium sulfate are produced in the processing of potassium salts. Magnesium sulfate is also produced by reacting magnesium carbonate or seawatermagnesium hydroxide with sulfuric acid.
定義
ChEBI: A magnesium salt having sulfate as the counterion.
主な応用
Magnesium sulfate is utilized in the potassium chemicals industry for the manufacture of potassium sulfate (from potassium chloride), sodium sulfate and potash magnesia (potassium magnesium sulfate). Magnesium sulfate, particularly as kieserite, is used as a fertilizer (ca. 80% of total consumption). It is also used in the textile industry, in the manufacture of building and refractory materials, in the pulp industry and in the production of animal feedstuffs and motor oil additives.
適応症
Magnesium sulfate prevents convulsions in preeclampsia
and directly uncouples excitation–contraction in
myometrial cells through inhibition of cellular action
potentials. Furthermore, magnesium sulfate decreases
calcium uptake by competing for its binding sites, activating
adenylyl cyclase (thereby reducing intracellular
calcium), and stimulating calcium-dependent adenosine
triphosphatase (ATPase), which promotes calcium uptake
by the sarcoplasmic reticulum. Magnesium is filtered
by the glomerulus, so patients with low glomerular
filtration will have low magnesium clearance.
Although the compound does have some cardiac side
effects, magnesium sulfate may be preferred over β-
adrenergic agents in patients with heart disease, diabetes,
hypertension, or hyperthyroidism.
生物学の機能
Magnesium sulfate may be effective in terminating refractory
ventricular tachyarrhythmias, particularly polymorphic
ventricular tachycardia. Digitalis-induced arrhythmias
are more likely in the presence of magnesium
deficiency. Magnesium sulfate can be administered
orally, intramuscularly, or, preferably, intravenously,when a rapid response is intended.The loss of deep tendon
reflexes is a sign of overdose.
一般的な説明
Magnesium sulfate is an anhydrous magnesium salt.
使用用途
硫酸マグネシウムは、安全性の高い化学物質として広く使用されています。
1. 肥料
農薬としての用途には、1水和物が主に使用されます。
2. 入浴剤
欧米では、硫酸マグネシウムは入浴剤として古くから使用されてきました。温熱効果や痛みを和らげる効果が期待されています。
3. 下剤・浣腸剤
硫酸マグネシウムは、速効性のある塩類下剤です。医薬用として古くから用いられており、腸内の水分吸収を抑えます。
4. 有機合成化学
硫酸マグネシウムは水との親和性が高いことから、有機化学合成実験において乾燥剤として使用されます。
5. その他
硫酸マグネシウムは、海水中に含まれる成分の1つです。豆腐を凝固させるにがり中にも少量含まれています。
取り扱い及び保管上の注意
取り扱う場合の対策
局所排気装置がある場所で使用してください。使用の際は、個人用保護具を着用します。
火災の場合
熱分解により、刺激性で有毒なガスや蒸気を放出することがあります。消火には周囲の環境に適したものを使用してください。
皮膚に付着した場合
皮膚に付着しないように、保護衣や保護手袋を着用します。皮膚に付着してしまった場合は、すぐに大量の水と石鹸で洗い流します。症状が続く場合は、医師に連絡してください。
眼に入った場合
使用時は必ず保護メガネまたはゴーグルを着用してください。万が一眼に入った場合は、コンタクトレンズは外し、水で数分間注意深く洗浄します。直ちに、医師の手当てを受けてください。
保管する場合
ポリエチレンまたはポリプロピレン製の容器に入れて密閉します。直射日光の当たらない、換気のいい涼しい場所に施錠して保管してください。
参考文献
农业用途
Magnesium sulphate is a white compound existing both in
anhydrous (rhombic) and hydrated crystalline forms. The
monohydrate MgSO
4·H
2O (monoclinic) occurs in nature
as kieserite. It is a greyish-white crystalline powder
which contains about 16 % magnesium and is used as a
fertilizer. It is regarded as a concentrated form of epsom
salt, having less water of crystallization. The commonest
hydrate is heptahydrate MgSO
4·7H
2O(also called
rhombic or epsom salt) which occurs naturally as the
mineral epsomite. It is a white powder with a bitter,
saline taste. The salt in the monocliic form loses its
structural water at 150°C, while the rhombic form loses
water at 200°C.
Magnesium sulphate is used in sizing and freproofng
cotton and silk, in tanning leather, in the manufacture of
fertilizers, in explosives and matches, in medicines as a
laxative, and as a veterinary medicine for the treatment of
inflammations and infected wounds.
臨床応用
There is much debate as to the efficacy of magnesium
sulfate. For effective inhibition of uterine activity,
enough must be given to maintain a blood plasma level
of at least 5.5 mEq/L. Even at this level, tocolysis may
be hard to achieve.
副作用
The side effects of magnesium sulfate administration are dose dependent. As magnesium levels increase, skeletal muscle weakness increases and CNS depression and vascular dilation occur. Magnesium sulfate infusion commonly results in a slight decrease in blood pressure during epidural anesthesia.
Cardiac muscle is not affected to a clinically evident degree when magnesium is administered at therapeutic levels, although magnesium can have profound myocardial effects during a gross overdose.
Magnesium antagonizes the vasoconstrictive effect of α-agonists, so ephedrine and phenylephrine are likely to less effectively increase maternal blood pressure when administered concomitantly with magnesium.
Magnesium is eliminated unchanged by the kidneys. In a patient who is receiving a maintenance infusion of magnesium and who has decreasing urine output, blood levels of magnesium quickly increase, as do related side effects.
Other side effects of magnesium sulfate include the following: (1) Cutaneous vasodilation with flushing (2) Headache and dizziness (3) Nausea (4) Skeletal muscle weakness (5) Depression of deep tendon reflexes (6) Respiratory depression (7) ECG changes
安全性プロファイル
A poison by
intravenous route. Moderately toxic by
ingestion, intraperitoneal, and subcutaneous
routes. Human systemic effects: heart
changes, cyanosis, flaccid paralysis with
appropriate anesthesia. An experimental
teratogen. Mutation data reported.
Potentially explosive reaction when heated
with ethoxyethynyl alcohols (e.g., l-ethoxy
3-methyl-1-butyn-3-01). When heated to
decomposition it emits toxic fumes of SOx.
See also SULFATES.
純化方法
Crystallise it from warm H2O (1g/mL) by cooling. Dry the heptahydrate (Epsom salt) at ~250o until it loses 25% of its weight. Its solubility in H2O is 36% at 20o, 55% at 60o and 74% at 100o; above 110o the solubility decreases with rise of temperature. Store it in a sealed container.
予防処置
Magnesium sulfate is not for use in patients with heart block or extensive myocardial damage. Use it with caution in patients with impaired renal function, in digitalized patients, and with concomitant use of other central nervous system depressants or neuromuscular blocking agents. Intravenous administration is contraindicated during the 2 hours preceding delivery. Oral administration is contraindicated in patients with abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, fecal impaction, or intestinal irritation, obstruction, or perforation.
参考文献
1. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnesium_sulfate
2. https://www.drugs.com/cdi/magnesium-sulfate.html
3. https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/magnesium_sulfate
4. http://www.emedicinehealth.com/drug-magnesium_sulfate/article_em.htm
硫酸マグネシウム (無水) 上流と下流の製品情報
原材料
準備製品
1,4-ビス(2,2,2-トリクロロ-1-ホルミルアミノエチル)ピペラジン
2-アミノ-5-ブロモピラジン
フレカイニド
9,9-ジメチルキサンテン
2-フランカルボアルデヒドジエチルアセタール
セフチゾキシム
5-ブロモ-2-エトキシピリミジン
2-[2-[2-(2-ブトキシエトキシ)エトキシ]エトキシ]エタノール
2-アミノ-5-クロロベンゾニトリル
4-クロロフェニル シクロプロピル ケトン
イソシアン酸ペンチル
デラプリル
4-アセチル安息香酸
セフゾナム
ドフェチリド
ニゾフェノン
4-クロロベンズヒドリル クロリド
2,3-ジクロロ-5-ニトロピリジン
1,2-エポキシシクロオクタン
イダルビシン
L-(+)-マンデル酸メチル
3'-フルオロアセトアニリド
インデロキサジン·塩酸塩
3′,4′-(ジデシルオキシ)ベンズアルデヒド
2,3,5,6-テトラフルオロ-4-メチル安息香酸
3-アミノ-N,N-ジメチルベンゼンスルホンアミド
2,4-ジオキソヘキサン酸エチル
5-アセトキシメチルフルフラール
2,2,2-トリフルオロ-1-(チオフェン-2-イル)エタノン
2-ブロモ-5-メトキシ安息香酸メチル
2,4,6-トリフルオロベンゼンスルホニルクロリド
2-CHLOROSULFONYL-PYRIDINIUM, CHLORIDE
バイオマックスDF
テトラフルオロほう酸トリ-n-ブチルホスホニウム, 99%
三ケイ酸マグネシウム
メチル trans-2-ヘキサノエ-ト
1,1,1-トリクロロアセトン
(2-フラニル)エチルケトン
1-(3-ブロモ-2-チエニル)-1-エタノン
ビス(アンモニウムオキシスルホニルオキシ)マグネシウム