臭化亜鉛 化学特性,用途語,生産方法
外観
白色, 結晶～結晶性粉末
溶解性
水及びうすい塩酸に溶ける。
解説
臭化亜鉛ZnBr2(225.20)．金属亜鉛と臭素を反応させ，生じた臭化亜鉛を蒸留して精製する．酸化亜鉛を臭化水素酸に溶かしても得られる．無色の斜方晶系結晶．密度4.22 g cm－3．融点394 ℃，沸点650 ℃．三水和物，二水和物，無水物が知られ，転移点は－8 ℃，35 ℃ である．潮解性で，水，エタノール，エーテルに易溶．水溶液は弱酸性を示す．医療，医薬品，レーヨンの製造触媒，写真材料の製造，放射線用スクリーンの製造などに用いられる．
用途
ルイス酸として有機化学の分野で用いられるほか、放射線の遮蔽、クリスタル?ガラスの透明性の調整、二次電池の製造などに使用される。
化学的特性
Zinc bromide is an odorless white crystalline solid or white hygroscopic powder.
物理的性質
White crystalline powder; sharp metallic taste; orthorhombic structure; refractive index 1.5452; density 4.20 g/cm
3; very hygroscopic; melts at 394°C; vaporizes at 650°C; highly soluble in water 447g/100 mL at 20°C; aqueous solution acidic; very soluble in alcohol, ether, and acetone; soluble in alkali hydroxides and ammonia solution.
使用
Zinc bromide is a white crystalline powder prepared by dissolving zinc carbonate in hydrobromic acid.
Zinc chloride (ZnCl2) is a white granular crystal made by the action of hydrochloric acid on zinc.
Zinc iodide (ZnI2) is a white powder made by dissolving zinc in ionic acid. All of the zinc halides are soluble in water, alcohol, and ether. They were all used as halides for the collodion emulsion processes.
製造方法
Zinc bromide is prepared by mixing barium bromide and zinc sulfate solutions. The product barium sulfate is removed by filtration and the filtrate is evaporated to obtain crystals of zinc bromide: BaBr
2 + ZnSO
4 → ZnBr
2 + BaSO
4 Zinc bromide also may be prepared by the action of zinc with hydrobromic acid followed by crystallization.
一般的な説明
A white crystalline noncombustible solid. The primary hazard is the threat to the environment. Immediate steps should be taken to limit its spread to the environment. Zinc bromide is used in medicine, in photography.
空気と水の反応
Hygroscopic. Water soluble
反応プロフィール
Acidic inorganic salts, such as Zinc bromide, are generally soluble in water. The resulting solutions contain moderate concentrations of hydrogen ions and have pH's of less than 7.0. They react as acids to neutralize bases. These neutralizations generate heat, but less or far less than is generated by neutralization of inorganic acids, inorganic oxoacids, and carboxylic acid. They usually do not react as either oxidizing agents or reducing agents but such behavior is not impossible. Many of these compounds catalyze organic reactions.
健康ハザード
Inhalation of dust may irritate nose and throat. Ingestion can cause irritation or corrosion of the alimentary tract; if large amount is swallowed and not thrown up, drowsiness and other symptoms of bromide poisoning may occur. Contact with eyes or skin causes irritation.
職業ばく露
Zinc bromide is used in photography,
rayon manufacturing and medicine
輸送方法
UN3260 Corrosive solid, acidic, inorganic, n.o.s.,
Hazard class: 8; Labels: 8-Corrosive material, Technical
Name Required. UN3077 Environmentally hazardous substances,
solid, n.o.s., Hazard class: 9; Labels: 9-Miscellaneous
hazardous material, Technical Name Required.
純化方法
Heat ZnBr2 to 300o under vacuum (2x10-2 mm) for 1hour, then sublime it. [Wagenknecht & Juza Handbook of Preparative Inorganic Chemistry (Ed. Brauer) Academic Press Vol II p 1072 1965.]
不和合性
Keep away from alkali metals.
Incompatible with oxidizers (chlorates, nitrates, peroxides,
permanganates, perchlorates, chlorine, bromine, fluorine,
etc.); contact may cause fires or explosions. Keep away
from alkaline materials, strong bases, strong acids, oxoacids,
epoxides, metallic sodium, or potassium. Store above
32 ℉/0℃.
臭化亜鉛 上流と下流の製品情報
原材料
準備製品