塩化カドミウム 化学特性,用途語,生産方法
外観
白色～ほとんど白色, 結晶性粉末～粉末
溶解性
水に易溶 (140g/100ml, 20℃)。
解説
化学式CdCl2。融点568℃，沸点960℃，比重4.047(25℃)，塩化カドミウムは，水に対する溶解度140g/100g H2O(20℃)。金属カドミウムに450℃で塩化水素ガスを反応させてつくる。また水和塩化カドミウムCdCl2･2.5H2Oを塩化チオニルと還流すると無水物が得られる。メチルアルコール，エチルアルコールにはやや溶け，アセトン，エーテルには難溶。塩酸溶液中ではCd2＋は存在せず，ほとんどCdCl＋，CdCl2の形で存在する。
株式会社平凡社 世界大百科事典 第２版について 情報
用途
有機／無機カドミウム化合物製造用、電気めっき用資材
説明
Cadmium chloride is a colourless and odourless crystal. It is used for the preparation of
cadmium sulphide, used as ‘cadmium yellow’, a brilliant-yellow pigment, which is stable
to heat and sulphide fumes. Cadmium chloride has a high solubility in water and is a
non-combustible solid, but the dust can be a moderate fire hazard when exposed to heat or
flame or when reacted with oxidising agents. It is incompatible with bromine trifluoride,
potassium oxidisers, zinc, selenium, tellurium, and hydrogen azide.
化学的特性
Cadmium chloride is a colorless, odorless,
crystalline solid, or powder.
物理的性質
Colorless powder or crystal; hexagonal crystal system; hygroscopic; density 4.047 g/cm
3; melts at 560°C; vaporizes at 960°C; highly soluble in water (140 g/100g at 20°C), also soluble in acetone; slightly soluble in alcohol; insoluble in ether.
使用
Cadmium Chloride is used in the preparation of the stable inorganic pigment cadmium sulfide (Cadmium Yellow). Cadmium Chloride treatment of thin film CDTe solar cells is used to produce high-efficienc
y solar cells.. Cadmium Chloride is also used in the preparation of organocadmium compounds.
製造方法
Cadmium chloride may be prepared by heating the metal with chlorine or hydrogen chloride gas. In the solution, it is formed by treating the metal or its salts, such as oxide, hydroxide, carbonate, or sulfide with hydrochloric acid:
Cd + 2HCl → CdCl
2 + H
2CdO + 2HCl → CdCl
2 + H
2O
CdCO
3 + 2HCl → CdCl
2+ H
2O + CO
2The solution is evaporated and crystallized to yield a hydrated salt. The hydrated salt yields anhydrous cadmium chloride upon heating under hydrogen chloride or when refluxed with thionyl chloride.
Cadmium chloride also may be prepared by adding dry cadmium acetate to acetyl chloride in glacial acetic acid.
調製方法
Cadmium chloride is manufactured in reaction of cadmium
metal, carbonate, sulfide, oxide, or hydroxide with hydrochloric
acid, followed by evaporation; it forms hydrated
salt. Commercial cadmium chloride is amixture of hydrates
that approximates to dihydrates. The commercial grade
available in the United States typically contains about
51% of cadmium. Liquid caddy contains 20.1% cadmium
chloride.
一般的な説明
Cadmium chloride is a white crystalline solid. Cadmium chloride is soluble in water. Cadmium chloride is noncombustible. The primary hazard of Cadmium chloride is that Cadmium chloride poses a threat to the environment. Immediate steps should be taken to limit its spread to the environment. Cadmium chloride is used in photography, in fabric printing, in chemical analysis, and in many other uses.
空気と水の反応
Water soluble.
反応プロフィール
Bromine trifluoride rapidly attacks the following salts: barium chloride, Cadmium chloride , calcium chloride, cesium chloride, lithium chloride, silver chloride, rubidium chloride, potassium bromide, potassium chloride, potassium iodide, rhodium tetrabromide, sodium bromide, sodium chloride, and sodium iodide [Mellor 2 Supp. 1:164, 165 1956].
健康ハザード
Ingestion causes gastroenteric distress, pain, and prostration. Sensory disturbances, liver injury, and convulsions have been observed in severe intoxications.
火災危険
Literature sources indicate that Cadmium chloride is nonflammable.
安全性プロファイル
Confirmed human
carcinogen with experimental carcinogenic
and tumorigenic data. Poison by ingestion,
inhalation, skin contact, intraperitoneal,
subcutaneous, intravenous, and possibly
other routes. Human systemic effects by
ingestion: blood pressure, acute pulmonary
edema, hypermotility, diarrhea.
Experimental teratogenic and reproductive
effects. Human mutation data reported.
Reacts violently with BrF3 and K. When
heated to decomposition it emits very toxic
fumes of Cd and Cl-. See also CADMIUM
COMPOUNDS and CHLORIDES.
職業ばく露
Cadmium chloride is used in dyeing
and printing of fabrics; in electronic component manufacture; in photography; used as a pesticide and in nonpasture
turf fungicides.
輸送方法
UN2570 Cadmium compounds, Hazard Class: 6.1;
Labels: 6.1-Poisonous materials, Technical Name Required.
純化方法
Crystallise it from water (1mL/g) by addition of EtOH and cooling. [Pray Inorg Synth V 153 1957, Wagenknecht & Juza in Handbook of Preparative Inorganic Chemistry (Ed. Brauer) Academic Press Vol II p 1093 1965.]
不和合性
Incompatible with oxidizers (chlorates,
nitrates, peroxides, permanganates, perchlorates, chlorine,
bromine, fluorine, etc.); contact may cause fires or explosions. Keep away from alkaline materials, strong bases,
strong acids, oxoacids, epoxides, sulfur, selenium,
potassium.
廃棄物の処理
It is preferred to convert the
salt to the nitrate, precipitate it with H2S, filter, wash and
dry the precipitate and return it to the supplier.
参考文献
D.E. Partin, M. O’ Keefe, J. Solid State Chem., 95, 176 (1991), DOI: 10.1016/0022-4596(91)90387-W.
塩化カドミウム 上流と下流の製品情報
原材料
準備製品