臭化シアン 化学特性,用途語,生産方法
溶解性
エタノール及びアセトンに極めて溶けやすく、水に分解して溶ける。
解説
臭化シアン,固体は無色の立方晶系の針状結晶．気体分子は直線形Br-C≡N．Br-C1.79 Å，C-N1.16 Å．融点52 ℃，沸点62 ℃．密度2.01 g cm－3(20 ℃)．純粋なものは比較的安定であるが，不純物があるとすみやかに分解し，ときには爆発する．水，エタノール，エーテルに可溶．アルカリ水溶液で加水分解してシアン酸塩と臭化アルカリになる．H2SでHCNになる．HBrの存在で重合すると環状の臭化シアヌル酸C3N3Br3([別用語参照]シアヌル酸)となるが，塩化物よりは重合しにくい．室温でも揮発して猛毒．
森北出版「化学辞典（第2版）
用途
有機合成(和光試薬時報Vol.64 No.2,p.26(1996))。
ジンテーゼ
臭化シアン,ブロモシアンともいう．シアン化カリウムかシアン化ナトリウムの冷水溶液と臭素との反応で得られる．工業的には，臭化ナトリウム，塩素酸ナトリウム，シアン化ナトリウムを30％ 硫酸中で反応させてつくる．
使用上の注意
室温で徐々に揮散する。加熱や酸との接触により分解し、非常に有毒で引火性のシアン化水素、腐食性の臭化水素を生じる。水や湿気と徐々に反応し臭化水素、シアン化水素を生成する。
化学的特性
Cyanogen bromide is a colorless or white,
volatile, crystalline solid with a penetrating odor.
使用
Cyanogen bromide is used in organic synthesis and as a reagent in bioanalysis.
調製方法
Cyanogen bromide may be prepared by either the action of
bromine on potassium cyanide or the interaction of sodium
bromide, sodium cyanide, sodium chlorate, and sulfuric
acid.
一般的な説明
Cyanogen bromide is a colorless to white crystalline solid with a penetrating odor. Cyanogen bromide is slightly soluble in water. Cyanogen bromide is gradually decomposed by water and very rapidly by acids to give off hydrogen bromide, a flammable and poisonous gas. Contamination with many materials can cause rapid decomposition of the material. Cyanogen bromide is toxic by inhalation of its vapors or by the hydrogen cyanide from decomposition or by ingestion. Toxic oxides of nitrogen are produced in fire involving Cyanogen bromide. Cyanogen bromide is used in gold extraction, to make other chemicals, and as a fumigant.
空気と水の反応
Cyanogen bromide is slightly soluble in water. Cyanogen bromide is gradually decomposed by water and very rapidly by acids to give off hydrogen bromide, a poison gas.
反応プロフィール
Cyanogen bromide is not combustible itself, but impure Cyanogen bromide decomposes rapidly and tends to explode. A violent reaction may take place on contact with large quantities of acid. Avoid physical damage, contact with acids or water, and store away from a location where water may be needed for fire control. [EPA, 1998]. Benzene and cyanogen halides yield HCl as a byproduct (Hagedorn, F. H. Gelbke, and Federal Republic of Germany. 2002. Nitriles. In Ullman Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA.).
健康ハザード
Exposure to cyanogen bromide is dangerous. The chemical substance is poisonous and
causes fatal injury if swallowed, inhaled, or absorbed through the skin. It is corrosive and the vapors cause severe irritation to the eyes and respiratory tract, and cause burns to any
area of contact. On contact with acids, cyanogen bromide liberates poisonous gas, affecting
the blood, cardiovascular system, CNS, and thyroid.
火災危険
Cyanogen bromide is not combustible itself, but impure Cyanogen bromide decomposes rapidly and tends to explode. A violent reaction may take place on contact with large quantities of acid. Vapors are highly irritating. When material is heated to decomposition, Cyanogen bromide emits very toxic fumes of cyanide and bromide. Avoid water, acids. Avoid physical damage, contact with acids or water, and store away from a location where water may be needed for fire control.
燃焼性と爆発性
Cyanogen bromide is noncombustible. Impure material decomposes rapidly and can be explosive.
安全性プロファイル
A human and
experimental poison by inhalation.
Corrosive. When heated to decomposition it
emits very toxic fumes of CNand Br-.
Possibly unstable. See also other cyanogen
entries; CYANIDE; and BROMIDES.
職業ばく露
Used as an activating reagent for
insoluble supports for affinity absorption. In danger are
those manufacturing this compound or using it in organic
synthesis or as a fumigant; in textile treatment; in gold
cyaniding. It may have been used as a military poison
gas.
貯蔵
work with BrCN should be conducted in a fume hood to prevent exposure by inhalation, and splash goggles and impermeable gloves should be worn at all times to prevent eye and skin contact. Containers of cyanogen bromide should be kept tightly sealed and stored under nitrogen in a secondary container in a refrigerator.
輸送方法
UN1889 Cyanogen bromide, Hazard class: 6.1;
Labels: 6.1-Poisonous materials, 8-Corrosive material. A
DOT regulated marine pollutant.
純化方法
All operations with this substance should be performed in a very efficient fume cupboard-it is very POISONOUS and should be handled in small amounts. Fresh commercial material is satisfactory for nearly all purposes and does not need to be purified. It is a white crystalline solid with a strong cyanide odour. If it is reddish in colour and partly liquid or paste-like, then it is too far gone to be purified, and fresh material should be sought. It can be purified by distillation using small amounts at a time, and using a short wide-bore condenser because it readily solidifies to a crystalline white solid which may clog the condenser. An appropriate gas mask should be used when transferring the molten solid from one container to another, and the operation should be done in an efficient fume cupboard. The melting point (m 49-51o) should be measured in a sealed tube. [Hartman & Dreger Org Synth Coll Vol II 150 1948.]
不和合性
May be unstable unless dry and pure;
impure cyanogen bromide decomposes rapidly and tends to
explode. Cyanogen bromide decomposes violently on heat-
ing or on contact with water, acids, or acid vapors; produc-
ing highly toxic and flammable hydrogen cyanide and
corrosive hydrogen bromide. Avoid physical damage, con-
tact with acids or water, and store away from a location
where water may be needed for fire control
. Violent
reaction with ammonia, amines.
廃棄物の処理
May be added to strong alka-
line solution of calcium hypochlorite, let stand for 24 hours
and flush to sewer. May also be dissolved in flammable
solvent and sprayed into an incinerator equipped with after-
burner and scrubber.
臭化シアン 上流と下流の製品情報
原材料
準備製品
N,N-ジエチルシアナミド
(1R,1β,4β)-2-アザビシクロ[2.2.1]ヘプタ-5-エン-3-オン
シアノホスホン酸ジエチル
4-METHOXY-2-MORPHOLIN-4-YL-THIAZOLE-5-CARBALDEHYDE
1,1,1,3,3,3-ヘキサフルオロ-2-プロパノール
フルオキセチン
2-[4-(ジフルオロメトキシ)フェニル]-3-メチル酪酸
モルホリン-4-カルボチオアミド
イミダクロプリド
2-ブロモフラン
3-bromo-2-chloroprop-1-ene
1-ブロモペンタン
3,4-ジメチル-3H-イミダゾ[4,5-f]キノリン-2-アミン
ピペリジン-1-カルボニトリル
トリ-p-トリル-1,3,5-トリアジン
3-ニトロ-4-クロロベンズアミド
Ethyl 5,6-dichloro-3,4-dihydro-2(1H)-iminoquinazoline-3-acetate hydrobromide