硫酸バリウム 化学特性,用途語,生産方法
外観
白色の粉末
定義
本品は、硫酸(*)のバリウム塩であり、次の化学式で表される。
参照表示名称：硫酸
溶解性
水に不溶, エタノールに不溶。水、酸、アルカリ及び有機溶媒にほとんど溶けない。
解説
硫酸バリウム，無色の斜方晶系結晶．1149 ℃ で単斜晶系に転移する．融点1580 ℃．密度4.50 g cm－3．水に難溶．Ba2＋ およびSO42－の定性分析や定量分析に利用される．濃硫酸には硫酸水素バリウムとなって溶ける．希酸に不溶．空気や熱に対して安定である．白色顔料，塗料，ゴム，洋紙などの填料，充填剤(パテ)，他のバリウム塩の製造，X線造影剤，医薬品(下痢止剤)などに用いられる．
森北出版「化学辞典（第2版）
用途
・他のバリウム化合物の原料 ・白色顔料、塗料の体質 ・ゴム、紙、絶縁テープの充テン剤、特に光沢を必要とするアート紙、バライト紙には沈降性硫酸バリウムの最上質のものを用いる。 ・X線吸収力が大きく、溶解度が小さく無害であるためX線造影剤として内臓特に消化管の検査に用いる。6局収載の医薬品。
用途
硫酸バリウム
用途
X 線吸収力が大きく、溶解度
が小さく無害であるため X 線造影剤として用
いられます。
用途
製紙充填剤,医薬(X線造影剤),充てん剤,ブレーキパット,無機顔料,塗料,ゴム着色増量剤,炭酸バリウム?チタン酸バリウム?フェライト原料 (NITE CHRIP)
化粧品の成分用途
不透明化剤
効能
診断補助薬 (放射線不透過性造影剤)
製造
硫酸バリウム，天然には重晶石として産出する．バリウム塩水溶液に硫酸または硫酸塩を加えると沈殿として得られる．
主な用途／役割
エポキシ樹脂系接着剤、ゴム系接着剤に使用される。
商品名
ウムブラ (伏見製薬所); コロンフォート (伏見製薬所); ネオバルギン (カイゲンファーマ); ネオバルギン (カイゲンファーマ); ネオバルギン (カイゲンファーマ); バムスター (カイゲンファーマ); バリコンク (カイゲンファーマ); バリコンミール (堀井薬品工業); バリテスター (伏見製薬所); バリトゲン (伏見製薬所); バリトゲン (伏見製薬所); バリトゲン (伏見製薬所); バリトゲン (伏見製薬所); バリトップ (カイゲンファーマ); バリトップ (カイゲンファーマ); バリトップ (カイゲンファーマ); バリトップ (カイゲンファーマ); バリトップ (カイゲンファーマ); バリブライト (カイゲンファーマ); バリブライト (カイゲンファーマ); バリブライト (カイゲンファーマ); バリブライト (カイゲンファーマ); 硫酸バリウム (カイゲンファーマ); 硫酸バリウム (伏見製薬所); 硫酸バリウム (堀井薬品工業); 硫酸バリウム (堀井薬品工業)
説明
Barium sulfate is available as odourless, tasteless, white or yellowish crystals or powder or polymorphous crystals. It is stable and insoluble or negligibly soluble in water, and on burning, it may produce sulphur oxides. It reacts violently with aluminium powder. It occurs naturally as mineral barite, barytes. It has wide use as inert filler and pigment extender in paints, primers, inks, plastics, floor tiles, paper coatings, polymer fibres, and rubber. It is used as the semi-transparent base (lake) for organic pigments and as a thixotropic weighting mud in oil well drilling. Barium sulphate is a contrast agent that is used to help x-ray diagnosis of problems in areas of the upper GI tract, like the oesophagus, the stomach, and/ or the small intestine. The raw barium sulphate has wide applications such as in the manufacture of lithopone, a white pigment in the manufacture of photographic paper, wallpaper and glassmaking, in battery plate expanders, and in heavy concrete for radiation shield.
化学的特性
Barium sulfate is available as white powder or polymorphous crystals. It is stable, odor-
less, insoluble, or negligibly soluble in water, and may produce sulfur oxides on burning.
It occurs naturally as mineral barite (barytes). It has wide use as an inert i ller pigment extender in paints, primers, inks, plastics, l oor tiles, paper coatings, polymer i bers, and
rubber. It is used as the semi-transparent base (lake) for organic pigments and as a thixo-
tropic weighting mud in oil well drilling. Barium sulfate is radio-opaque and is used as bar-
ium meal in medical x-ray diagnosis. Barium sulfate is a contrast agent that is used to help
x-ray diagnosis of problems in areas of the upper GI tract, like the esophagus, the stomach,
and/or the small intestine. Barium sulfate is the raw material for the manufacture of litho-
pone, a white pigment, and is used in the manufacture of photographic paper, wallpaper,
and glassmaking; in battery plate expanders; and in heavy concrete for radiation shield.
天然物の起源
Barium sulfate is widely distributed in nature and occurs as the mineral barite (also known as barytes or heavy spar). It often is associated with other metallic ores, such as fluorspar. Barites containing over 94% BaSO4 can be processed economically.
Barium sulfate has many commercial applications. It is used as natural barite, or precipitated BaSO4. The precipitated salt in combination with equimolar amount of co-precipitated zinc sulfide formerly was used as a white protective coating pigment, known as lithophone. Similarly, in combination with sodium sulfide, it is used to produce fine pigment particles of uniform size, known as blanc fixe. Natural barite, however, has greater commercial application than the precipitated salt. It is used as drilling mud in oil drilling to lubricate and cool the drilling bit, and to plaster the walls of the drill hole to prevent caving. It is used as a filler in automotive paints, plastics and rubber products. It also is used in polyurethane foam floor mats; white sidewall rubber tires; and as a flux and additive to glass to increase the refractive index.
Other chemical applications of barium sulfate are as the opaque ingredient in a barium meal for x-ray diagnosis; as a pigment for photographic paper; and to prepare many barium salts.
使用
barium sulfate is an emulsion stabilizer for sunscreen formulations. outside of sunscreen preparations, this inorganic salt is most commonly used in non-cosmetic soaps.
定義
ChEBI: A metal sulfate with formula BaO4S. Virtually insoluble in water at room temperature, it is mostly used as a component in oil well drilling fluid it occurs naturally as the mineral barite.
調製方法
Natural barium sulfate or barite is widely distributed in nature. It also contains silica, ferric oxide and fluoride impurities. Silica is the prime impurity which may be removed as sodium fluorosilicate by treatment with hydrofluoric acid followed by caustic soda.
Very pure barium sulfate may be precipitated by treating an aqueous solution of a barium salt with sodium sulfate:
BaCl
2 + Na
2SO
4 → BaSO
4 + 2NaCl
Precipitated BaSO4 is often used in many industrial applications. Blanc fixe and Lithopone are made by the reactions of barium sulfide with sodium sulfate and zinc sulfate, respectively.
一般的な説明
Barium sulphate is widely employed as an inorganic filler. Its crystals belong to the rhombic crystal system. The rhombic crystals transforms to monoclinic form at 1148°C and eventually it decomposes to barium oxide, sulfur dioxide and oxygen at temperatures above 1400°C.
反応プロフィール
Barium sulfate is non-combustible and non-toxic. Emits toxic sulfur oxides when heated to decomposition. Can act as an oxidizing agent, but usually does not. Reacts with reducing agents such as potassium, phosphorus or aluminum (heating with aluminum can cause an explosion).
危険性
Pneumoconiosis.
健康ハザード
Exposures to barium sulfate cause irritation to the eyes, lachrimation; redness, scaling, and
itching are characteristics of skin inl ammation. Although barium sulfate has been identi-
i ed as a non-toxic dust, long-term inhalation of dust in high concentrations has caused
benign pneumoconiosis (baritosis), deposition of dust in the lungs in sufi cient quantities
to produce adverse effects. This produces a radiological picture even though symptoms
and abnormal signs may not be present. The Fumes of barium are respiratory irritants and
over-exposure to dusts and fumes is known to cause rhinitis, frontal headache, wheezing,
laryngeal spasm, salivation, and anorexia. Long-term effects include nervous disorders
and adverse effects on the heart, circulatory system, and musculature. Heavy exposures to
barium sulfate may cause benign pneumoconi in exposed workers. However, there are no
reports indicating that barium sulfate has potential occupational hazards or carcinogenicity.
応用例（製薬）
Barium salts can be highly toxic even at low concentrations. Barium carbonate is highly toxic and can be used as rat poison as it readily dissolves in the stomach acid. Barium sulfate is the least toxic barium compound mainly because of its insolubility. Barium sulfate is used in a variety of applications ranging from white paint to X-ray contrast agent. The clinical use of barium sulfate suspension is well known under the term barium meal. Patients are given a suspension of barium sulfate to swallow. Using X-ray imaging, the whole oesophagus, the stomach and the intestines can be visualised. Barium sulfate lines the tissue whilst travelling through the digestive tract. The heavy barium ions absorb X-rays readily and therefore these structures become visible in an X-ray screening. Barium sulfate is a well-used and tolerated oral radio-contrast agent. It is also used as radio-contrast agent in enemas.
安全性プロファイル
Questionable
carcinogen with experimental tumorigenic
data. Mutation data reported. A relatively
insoluble salt used as an opaque medium in
radtography. Soluble impurities can lead to
toxic reactions. Heating with aluminum can
produce an explosion. Incompatible with
aluminum and potassium. When heated to
decomposition it emits toxic fumes of SOx.
職業ばく露
Barium sulfate is used as an opaque
medium in radiography; as a mud weighting material in oil
well drilling; in paper coating; as a paint pigment.
貯蔵
Barium sulfate should be kept stored in its original sealed glass container with proper
security when not in use. Barium sulfate should be stored in a cool, dry, ventilated area,
away from incompatible materials and foodstuff containers. The containers need to be
protected against physical damage and checked regularly for leaks.
輸送方法
UN1564 Barium compounds, n.o.s., Hazard
Class: 6.1; Labels: 6.1—Poisonous materials.
不和合性
May act as an oxidizer. Reacts with
reducing agents such as hydrides, potassium, phosphorus or
aluminum. Aluminum powder1heat may be violent; possibly
explosive.
予防処置
Barium sulfate should only be used by or under the direct supervision of a qualii ed super-
visor or doctor. During use and handling of barium sulfate, workers should avoid contact
of the chemical substance with the skin and should not breathe dust. After use, the work-
ers should wash their hands with soap and water. While dispensing, care is needed to
label barium sulfate properly and correctly, to avoid confusion with poisonous barium
suli de, suli te, or carbonate.
硫酸バリウム 上流と下流の製品情報
原材料
準備製品