2,4,6-트리니트로 톨루엔

2,4,6-트리니트로 톨루엔
2,4,6-트리니트로 톨루엔 구조식 이미지
카스 번호:
118-96-7
한글명:
2,4,6-트리니트로 톨루엔
동의어(한글):
2,4,6-트라이나이트로톨루엔;2,4,6-트리니트로톨루엔;트라이나이트로톨루엔;2,4,6-트라이나이트로톨루엔,젖은;2,4,6-트리니트로톨루엔;1-메틸-2,4,6-트라이나이트로벤젠;2,4,6-트라이나이트로톨루엔, 젖은;2-메틸-1,3,5-트라이나이트로벤젠;4-메틸-1,3,5-트라이나이트로벤젠;sym-트라이나이트로톨루엔;벤젠, 2-메틸-1,3,5-트라이나이트로;톨루엔, 트라이나이트로-;트라이나이트로톨루올
상품명:
2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene
동의어(영문):
TNT;Triton;trinitrotoluene;2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene solution;Entsufon;2,4,6-TNT;1-Methyl-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene;2-Methyl-1,3,5-Trinitrobenzene;Tolit;Tolite
CBNumber:
CB0487625
분자식:
C7H5N3O6
포뮬러 무게:
227.13
MOL 파일:
118-96-7.mol
MSDS 파일:
SDS

2,4,6-트리니트로 톨루엔 속성

녹는점
80.9℃
끓는 점
335–340°C
밀도
1.654g/cm3
증기압
0.2 at 20 °C (NIOSH, 1997)4.26 at 54.76 °C, 2.557 at 72.49 °C, 4.347 at 76.06 °C (Knuden effusion method, Lenchitz andVelicky, 1970)
굴절률
1.5500 (estimate)
인화점
2 °C
저장 조건
2-8°C
용해도
용해도 물에 매우 드물게 용해됩니다. 아세톤, 벤젠에 용해됨; 에탄올에 덜 용해됨
물리적 상태
크리스탈
색상
노란색
pH 범위
Colorless (11.5) to orange (14.0)
수용성
0.12g/L(20.0ºC)
노출 한도
TLV-TWA (skin) 0.5 mg/m3 (ACGIH and MSHA), 1.50 mg/m3 (OSHA).
Dielectric constant
2.2(20℃)
안정성
불안정한. 가열하거나 충격을 가하면 폭발 위험이 있습니다. 환원제와 격렬하게(잠재적으로 폭발적으로) 반응함. 중금속과 반응합니다.
주요 응용
폭발성 에너지 물질, 다이아몬드 제조
LogP
1.65 at 20℃
CAS 데이터베이스
118-96-7(CAS DataBase Reference)
IARC
3 (Vol. 65) 1996
EPA
Trinitrotoluene (118-96-7)
안전
  • 위험 및 안전 성명
  • 위험 및 사전주의 사항 (GHS)
위험품 표기 E,T,N,Xn,F,B
위험 카페고리 넘버 2-23/24/25-33-51/53-36-20/21/22-11-1
안전지침서 35-45-61-36/37-26-16
유엔번호(UN No.) 0209
WGK 독일 2
위험 등급 1.1D
유해 물질 데이터 118-96-7(Hazardous Substances Data)
독성 Acute oral LD50 in mice 660 mg/kg, rats 795 (quoted, RTECS, 1985).
IDLA 500 mg/m3
기존화학 물질 KE-25394
그림문자(GHS): GHS hazard pictogramsGHS hazard pictograms
신호 어: Danger
유해·위험 문구:
암호 유해·위험 문구 위험 등급 범주 신호 어 그림 문자 P- 코드
H225 고인화성 액체 및 증기 인화성 액체 구분 2 위험 GHS hazard pictograms P210,P233, P240, P241, P242, P243,P280, P303+ P361+P353, P370+P378,P403+P235, P501
H319 눈에 심한 자극을 일으킴 심한 눈 손상 또는 자극성 물질 구분 2A 경고 GHS hazard pictograms P264, P280, P305+P351+P338,P337+P313P
예방조치문구:
P210 열·스파크·화염·고열로부터 멀리하시오 - 금연 하시오.
P261 분진·흄·가스·미스트·증기·...·스프레이의 흡입을 피하시오.
P337+P313 눈에 대한 자극이 지속되면 의학적인 조치· 조언를 구하시오.
P403+P235 환기가 잘 되는 곳에 보관하고 저온으로 유지하시오.
NFPA 704
4
2 4

2,4,6-트리니트로 톨루엔 C화학적 특성, 용도, 생산

개요

2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene (TNT) is a yellow, odourless, unstable solid. TNT does not occur naturally in the environment. TNT is an explosive used in military shells, bombs, and grenades; in industrial uses; and in underwater blasting. TNT is a high explosive that is unaffected by ordinary shocks and therefore must be set off by a detonator. TNT is often mixed with other explosives such as ammonium nitrate to form amatol. Because it is insensitive to shock and must be exploded with a detonator, it is the most favoured explosive used in munitions and construction. TNT reacts violently, is potentially explosively, reacts with heavy metals, and is a chemical with risk of explosion if heated or struck.

화학적 성질

TNT exists in five isomers; 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene is the most commonly used. It is a colorless to pale yellow odorless solid (pellets, cast blocks, and cast slabs) or crushed flakes.

물리적 성질

Colorless to light yellow, odorless monoclinic crystals. Soluble in alcohol and ether; insoluble in water.

용도

2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene (TNT) is used as a high explosive in mining and in military. It is produced by nitration of toluene with a mixture of nitric and sulfuric acids.

정의

ChEBI: 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene is a trinitrotoluene having the nitro groups at positions 2, 4 and 6. It has a role as an explosive. It is functionally related to a 1,3,5-trinitrobenzene.

일반 설명

A slurry of a yellow water-insoluble crystalline solid. Can burn, although difficult to ignite. When water has been driven off or evaporated the residue is easily ignited, burns vigorously, and is highly explosive . Produces toxic oxides of nitrogen during combustion. May explode under exposure to intense heat. Primary hazard is blast of an explosion, not flying projectiles or fragments.

반응 프로필

TRINITROTOLUENE may begin a vigorous reaction that culminates in a detonation if mixed with reducing agents, including hydrides, sulfides and nitrides. May explode in the presence of a base such as sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide even in the presence of water or organic solvents.

건강위험

Some are toxic and may be fatal if inhaled, swallowed or absorbed through skin. Contact may cause burns to skin and eyes. Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause pollution.

화재위험

TNT is a high explosive. In comparison to many other high explosives, it is insensitive to heat, shock, or friction. Small amounts may burn quietly without detonation. However, when heated rapidly or subjected to strong shock, it detonates. Its detonation temperature is 470°C (878°F) and its velocity is between 5.1 and 6.9 km/s. In combination with other explosives, TNT is widely used as a military and industrial explosive. Amatol, cyclonite, and tetrytol are some of the examples of such explosive combinations. Amatol is a composition of 80% ammonium nitrate and 20% TNT by mass. TNT itself has a very high brisance.
Products from the detonation of 1.5-2.0 kg of TNT in air- and oxygen-deficient atmospheres consisted of low-molecularweight gases and high-molecular-weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (Johnson et al. 1988). Greiner and associates (1988) examined the soots produced from the detonation of cast composites of TNT mixed with nitroguanidine or RDX in 1 atmosphere of argon. The soot contained 25 wt% diamond 4-7 nm in diameter, the IR spectrum and particle size of which resembled those from meteorites. .

잠재적 노출

TNT is used as an explosive, that is, as a bursting charge in military explosive shells, bombs, grenades, and mines; and an intermediate in dyestuffs and photographic chemicals.

Carcinogenicity

In bacterial and mammalian in vitro cell systems TNT is a direct-acting mutagen. However, inclusion of exogenous metabolic activation appears to abolish the genotoxicity. In vivo assays of TNT have not shown it to be genotoxic, suggesting that TNT may be reduced to nonmutagenic metabolic products in the whole animal.

저장

TNT is stored in a permanent magazine, separated from combustible and oxidizable materials, initiators, and heat sources. It is shipped in amounts not exceeding 60 lb (27 kg) in weight in metal containers enclosed in wooden or fiberboard boxes.

운송 방법

UN1356 Trinitrotoluene, wetted with not <30% water, by mass, Hazard Class: 4.1; Labels: 4.1-Flammable solid. UN0209 Trinitrotoluene or TNT, dry or wetted with < 30% water, by mass, Hazard Class: 1D; Labels:1DExplosive (with a mass explosion hazard); D-Substances or articles which may mass detonate (with blast and/or fragment hazard) when exposed to fire.

Purification Methods

Crystallise TNT from *benzene and EtOH. Then fuse (CARE) and allow to crystallise under vacuum. Gey, Dalbey and Van Dolah [J Am Chem Soc 78 1803 1956] dissolved TNT in acetone and added cold water (1:2:15), the precipitate was filtered off, washed free from solvent and stirred with five parts of aqueous 8% Na2SO3 at 50-60o for 10minutes. This was filtered, washed with cold water until the effluent was colourless, and air dried. The product was dissolved in five parts of hot CCl4, washed with warm water until the washings were colourless and TNT was recoverd by cooling and filtering. It was recrystallised from 95% EtOH and carefully dried over H2SO4. The dry solid should not be heated without taking precautions for a possible EXPLOSION. Work with small quantities. [Beilstein 5 H 347, 5 I 172, 5 II 268, 5 III 767, 5 IV 873.]

비 호환성

Sensitive to shock and heat. Incompatible with initiating explosives, combustible materials. Aromatic nitro compounds, such as trinitrobenzene, range from slight to strong oxidizing agents. Keep away from strong reducing agents, including hydrides, alkali metals; aluminium and other metal powder; phosphorus; sulfides and nitrides, alkaline material, strong bases; contact may initiate vigorous reactions that culminates in a detonation. The aromatic nitro compounds may explode in the presence of a base such as sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide even in the presence of water or organic solvents. The aromatic nitro compounds may explode in the presence of a base such as sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide even in the presence of water or organic solvents. Incompatible with strong oxidizers (chlorates, nitrates, peroxides, permanganates, perchlorates, chlorine, bromine, fluorine, etc.); contact may cause fires or explosions.

폐기물 처리

TNT is dissolved in acetone and incinerated. The incinerator should be equipped with an afterburner and a caustic soda solution scrubber.

2,4,6-트리니트로 톨루엔 준비 용품 및 원자재

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